火电机组耐热钢失效机理的研究现状

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2021.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 有效提高火电机组燃料燃烧的利用率是现代社会缓解能源危机和缓解压力的主要手段,适当提高机组的蒸汽参数可以增加热循环效率,使能源利用率得到提高,但对机组零部件的性能要求也更严格。耐热钢因具有优良的高温氧化性、热强性以及廉价的成本而广泛应用于火电锅炉的零部件。本文介绍了25Cr2MoVA、T91和Super 304H三种耐热钢在不同热处理强化后的显微组织,分析了不同温度下耐热钢的高温力学性能,综述了耐热钢服役期间的失效机理。此外重点阐述了耐热钢表面氧化膜的研究现状,并对利用氧化膜厚度预测金属零部件剩余使用寿命的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 火电机组, 耐热钢, 热处理, 高温腐蚀, 氧化膜, 蠕变

Abstract: Effectively improving the fuel combustion utilization rate of thermal power units is the main means of modern society to alleviate the energy crisis and relieve the pressure. Appropriately increasing the steam parameters of the unit can increase the thermal cycle efficiency, and greatly improve the energy utilization rate, but the performance requirements of the unit components are more restricted. Heat-resistant steel is widely used in the parts of thermal power boilers because of its excellent high temperature oxidation, thermal strength and low cost. This article introduces the microstructure of three heat-resistant steels including 25Cr2MoVA, T91 and Super 304H after different heat treatments, analyzes the high-temperature mechanical properties of the heat-resistant steels at different temperatures, and summarizes the failure mechanisms of the heat-resistant steels during service. In addition, the research status of oxide film on the surface of the heat-resistant steel is emphasized, and the application of using oxide film thickness to predict the remaining service life of metal parts is prospected.

Key words: thermal power unit, heat-resistant steel, heat treatment, high temperature corrosion, oxide film, creep

中图分类号:

TG142.73

杨浩, 司宇, 曹鹏军, 栗克建. 火电机组耐热钢失效机理的研究现状[J]. 金属热处理, 2021, 46(5): 14-24.

Yang Hao, Si Yu, Cao Pengjun, Li Kejian. Research status of failure mechanisms of heat-resistant steel in thermal power units[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2021, 46(5): 14-24.

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