TC4钛合金的机械-化学复合强化及耐磨性

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.09.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了改善TC4钛合金的硬度和耐磨性,采用行星式球磨装置及真空感应渗氮装置,对TC4钛合金进行机械球磨+真空渗氮复合改性处理,利用自制磨损试验机在不同载荷下进行磨损试验研究。结果表明,TC4钛合金经复合强化处理后渗层主要由TiN和Ti相组成,随着渗氮温度的升高,渗层厚度逐渐增厚,截面硬度也得到明显提高。直接渗氮与复合强化处理后的试样渗层组织形态差异大,直接渗氮样渗层薄而致密,与基体分界清晰,缺少过渡。而复合强化样中的氮化物相呈块状或岛状分布在表层,没有明显白亮层。复合强化处理后的截面硬度梯度较直接渗氮处理后的更加平缓,且渗氮层的脆性较小,表面塑性高。复合强化处理后试样的耐磨性显著提升,但略低于直接渗氮试样。

关键词: TC4钛合金, 机械变形, 渗氮, 复合强化处理, 耐磨性

Abstract: In order to improve the hardness and wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy, the TC4 titanium alloy was subjected to mechanical lappling and vacuum nitriding composite modification treatment by planetary ball milling device and vacuum induction nitriding device. A self-made wear testing machine was used to conduct wear tests under different loads. The results show that after complex enhancement treatment, the infiltrated layer of the TC4 titanium alloy mainly consists of TiN and Ti phases. With the increase of the nitriding temperature, the thickness of the nitrided layer gradually thickens, and the cross-sectional hardness also significantly improves. There is a significant difference in the microstructure of the nitrided layer between the specimen treated with direct nitriding and composite strengthening. The nitrided layer of the direct nitrided specimen is thin and dense, with a clear boundary with the matrix and a lack of transition. The nitride phase in the composite strengthening specimen is distributed in a block or island like manner in the surface layer, without a clear bright white layer. The hardness gradient of the cross-section after composite strengthening treatment is smoother than that after direct nitriding treatment and the nitrided layer has less brittleness and higher surface plasticity. The wear resistance of the specimen after composite strengthening treatment is significantly improved, but slightly lower than that of the direct nitrided specimen.

Key words: TC4 titanium alloy, mechanical deformation, nitriding, complex enhancement treatment, wear resistance

中图分类号:

TG178

邓敏先, 代燕, 刘港, 穆洪, 陈涛云, 刘静. TC4钛合金的机械-化学复合强化及耐磨性[J]. 金属热处理, 2023, 48(9): 225-232.

Deng Minxian, Dai Yan, Liu Gang, Mu Hong, Chen Taoyun, Liu Jing. Mechanical-chemical complex enhancement and wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2023, 48(9): 225-232.

参考文献

[1]屠振密, 朱永明, 李宁, 等. 钛及钛合金表面处理技术的应用及发展[J]. 表面技术, 2009, 38(6): 76-78.
Tu Zhenmi, Zhu Yongming, Li Ning, et al. Application and advances on surface treatment for titanium and titanium alloy[J]. Surface Technology, 2009, 38(6): 76-78.
[2]徐全斌, 刘诗园. 国外航空航天领域钛及钛合金牌号及应用[J]. 世界有色金属, 2022, 604(16): 96-99.
Xu Quanbin, Liu Shiyuan. Grades of titanium and titanium alloys developed in western and their applications in the aerospace industy[J]. World Nonferrous Metal, 2022, 604(16): 96-99.
[3]卢云飞, 郭倩, 段国庆, 等. 钛合金在舰船领域应用的氢脆风险分析[J]. 材料保护, 2022, 55(9): 190-194
Lu Yunfei, Guo Qian, Duan Guoqing, et al. Hydrogen embrittlement risk analysis of titanium alloy applied in the realm of warship[J]. Materials Protection, 2022, 55(9): 190-194.
[4]Cheng Kaiyuan, Nicholas Pagan, Divya Bijukumar, et al. Carburized titanium as a solid lubricant on hip implants: Corrosion, tribocorrosion and biocompatibility aspects[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2018, 665: 148-158.
[5]Lao Xingsheng, Zhao Xufeng, Liu Yong, et al. Friction characteristics of surface nitriding modification layer of Ti-6Al-4V ELI titanium alloy in seawater environment[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2020, 1005: 18-23.
[6]Gurusami K, Chandramohan D, Dinesh K S, et al. Strengthening mechanism of Nd:Yag laser shock peening for commercially pure titanium (CP-TI) on surface integrity and residual stresses[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, 21(1): 981-987.
[7]Zhu Xiaoshuo, Fu Yudong, Li Zifeng, et al. Wear resistance of TC4 by deformation accelerated plasma nitriding at 400 ℃[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2016, 23(11): 2771-2776.
[8]Wen Kai, Zhang Chengwei, Gao Yan. Influence of gas pressure on the low-temperature plasma nitriding of surface-nanocrystallined TC4 titanium alloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2022, 436: 128327.
[9]Guo Jinchang, Shi Yu, Li Chunkai, et al. Investigation of nitrogen ionization state and its effect on the nitride layer during fiber laser gas nitriding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 418: 127254.
[10]张纯, 刘静, 李远会, 等. TC4钛合金间歇式真空渗氮工艺研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2017, 46(12): 171-174.
Zhang Chun, Liu Jing, Li Yuanhui, et al. Research on intermittent vacuum nitriding process for TC4 titanium ally[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2017, 46(12): 171-174.
[11]杨闯, 马亚芹, 刘静, 等. TC4钛合金真空渗氮动力学研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2020, 49(2): 104-107.
Yang Chuang, Ma Yaqin, Liu Jing, et al. Study on vacuum nitriding kinetics of TC4 titanium alloy[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2020, 49(2): 104-107.
[12]Jiang X J, Wang S Z, Liu R P, et al. Improving vacuum gas nitriding of a Ti-based alloy via surface solid phase transformation[J]. Vacuum, 2022, 197: 110860.
[13]朱珊珊. 热处理对表面强化金属材料组织性能的影响研究[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2016.
Zhu Shanshan. Effect of Heat traetment on the microstructure and property of surface strenthened metal materials[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2016.
[14]冒海荣, 费昊, 姜勇, 等. 表面渗氧强化对TC4钛合金力学性能的影响[J]. 南京工业大学学报: 自然科学版, 2022, 44(6): 640-646.
Mao Hairong, Fei Hao, Jiang Yong, et al. Effects of surface oxygenation enhancement on mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy[J]. Journal of Nanjing Tech University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 44(6): 640-646.
[15]元云岗, 康嘉杰, 岳文, 等. 不同温度下等离子渗氮后TC4钛合金的摩擦磨损性能[J]. 材料工程, 2020, 48(2): 156-162.
Yuan Yungang, Kang Jiajie, Yue Wen, et al. Tribological properties of TC4 titanium alloy treated by plasma nitriding at different temperatures[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2020, 48(2): 156-162.
[16]王一龙, 俞伟元. TC4激光气体渗氮层及其耐腐蚀性能[J]. 焊接, 2019(5): 62-64, 68.
Wang Yilong, Yu Weiyuan. TC4 laser gas nitriding layer and its corrosion resistance[J]. Welding & Joining, 2019(5): 62-64, 68.
[17]周海雄, 王庆娟, 王伟, 等. 石墨烯增强TC4复合材料的微观组织及力学性能[J]. 钛工业进展, 2019, 36(6): 7-12.
Zhou Haixiong, Wang Qingjuan, Wang Wei, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of graphene reinforced TC4 composites[J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2019, 36(6): 7-12.
[18]胡永志. 机械合金化法制备Ti-Al、Ti-Al-Cr非晶复合涂层及其晶化研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2012.
Hu Yongzhi. Preparation of Ti-AL, Ti-Al-Cr amorphous compositied coatings by the method of mechanical alloying and study of crystallization treatment[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
[19]Yang Chuang, Liu Jing, Ma Yaqin, et al. Influence of different nitriding mediums on vacuum nitriding of TC4 titanium alloy[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2015, 40(9): 156-159.
[20]Zhou Jun, Yang Chuang, MaYaqin, et al. Influence of vacuum nitriding time on microstructure and properties of nitriding layer of TC4 titanium alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2018, 43(9): 80-84.
[21]Guan Jing, Jiang Xueting, Xiang Qing, et al. Corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of titanium surfaces designed by electromagnetic induction nitriding for biomedical applications[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 409: 126844.
[22]向庆, 姜雪婷, 伍良银, 等. TA2钛合金真空感应碳氮共渗组织及耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2022, 47(2): 99-104.
Xiang Qing, Jiang Xueting, Wu Liangyin, et al. Microstructure, wear and corrosion resistant properties of TA2 titanium alloy after vacuum induction carbonitriding[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2022, 47(2): 99-104.
[23]李坤茂. TC4钛合金真空脉冲感应渗氮层的结构与性能研究[D]. 贵州: 贵州大学, 2020.
Li Kunmao. Study on structure and properties of vacuum pulse induced nitriding layer of TC4 titanium alloy[D]. Guizhou: Guizhou University, 2020.
[24]代燕, 吴旋, 杨峰, 等. TC6钛合金渗碳层在不同介质环境中的腐蚀磨损性能[J]. 中国表面工程, 2020, 33(2): 47-56.
Dai Yan, Wu Xuan, Yang Feng, et al. Corrosion and wear properties of carburized layer on TC6 titanium alloy in different environment[J]. China Surface Engineering, 2020, 33(2): 47-56.
[25]骆蕾. TC4表面搅拌摩擦加工制备铝基覆层及其氧化性能的研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2014.
Luo Lei. Preparation and oxidation behavior of aluminized coating on TC4 titanium alloy via friction stir processing[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.
[26]张广兰. 纯钛表面晶粒细化和渗氮行为研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2018.
Zhang Guanglan. Investigations on surface grain refinement and nitriding of pure titanium[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2018.
[27]曹鑫, 王冠, 何卫锋, 等. TC4钛合金与多层TiN/Ti涂层的砂尘冲蚀损伤试验[J]. 航空动力学报, 2016, 31(9): 2218-2225.
Cao Xin, Wang Guan, He Weifeng, et al. Sand erosion damage test on TC4 titanium alloy and TiN/Ti multiayer coating[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2016, 31(9): 2218-2225.