校直对汽车转向器感应淬火齿条弯曲疲劳寿命的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.12.005

金属热处理 ›› 2023, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 29-35.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.12.005

校直对汽车转向器感应淬火齿条弯曲疲劳寿命的影响

王硕^1,2, 郭晓菲¹, 董瀚¹

1.上海大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 200444;
2.采埃孚汽车科技(上海)有限公司, 上海 201800

收稿日期:2023-07-20 修回日期:2023-09-30 出版日期:2023-12-25 发布日期:2024-01-29
通讯作者: 郭晓菲,教授,博士,E-mail: xiaofei_guo@shu.edu.cn
作者简介:王硕(1989—),男,硕士,主要研究方向为汽车转向齿条的感应热处理和校直工艺控制,E-mail: wangshuo9432@163.com。
基金资助:
上海市海外高层次人才计划

Effect of straightening on bending fatigue life of induction hardened rack in automobile steering system

Wang Shuo^1,2, Guo Xiaofei¹, Dong Han¹

1. School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
2. ZF Automotive Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201800, China

Received:2023-07-20 Revised:2023-09-30 Online:2023-12-25 Published:2024-01-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 汽车转向系统中的钢齿条要求具有较高的弯曲疲劳寿命,表面感应热处理之后的校直工艺对其疲劳寿命影响显著。通过对比校直过程中校直方向及校直变形量对S45SC钢齿条齿根微观组织、硬度分布、齿根表面残余应力以及对应弯曲疲劳寿命的影响,分析了影响弯曲疲劳寿命的主要因素及疲劳断裂失效机制。表面残余应力通过X射线衍射仪进行检测,弯曲疲劳采用四点弯曲疲劳测试方法。当校直下压位置为齿背时齿根表面残余压应力会增加,反之会降低,疲劳寿命呈现同样的规律,齿条失效断口呈现典型的疲劳断裂特征,裂纹均起源于齿根表面。提升齿条弯曲疲劳寿命的关键在于热处理畸变方向和畸变量的控制,当控制齿条端头向齿面方向弯曲时校直下压位置为齿背,大概率会满足弯曲疲劳寿命要求。

关键词: 齿条, S45SC钢, 校直, 残余应力, 弯曲疲劳

Abstract: Steel rack in automotive steering systems requires high bending fatigue life, and which is significant affected by the straightening process after surface induction heat treatment. Main factors affecting the bending fatigue life and fatigue fracture failure mechanisms were analyzed by comparing the effects of the straightening direction and deformation amount on the tooth root microstructure, hardness distribution, root surface residual stress and corresponding bending fatigue life of the S45SC steel rack. The surface residual stress was detected by an X-ray diffractometer, and the fatigue life was tested by the four-point bending fatigue method. The results show that when the straightening pressing position is the tooth back, the residual compressive stress on the tooth root surface increases, and vice versa. The fatigue life demonstrates the same law. The rack failure fracture shows typical fatigue fracture characteristics, and the cracks originate from the tooth root surface. The key to improving the bending fatigue life of the rack lies in the control of the direction and amount of distortion caused by heat treatment. When the rack end is controlled to bend in the direction to the tooth surface, and the pressing position is the tooth back, the bending fatigue life requirements of the rack can be met with a high probability.

Key words: rack, S45SC steel, straightening, residual stress, bending fatigue life

中图分类号:

TG156.33

王硕, 郭晓菲, 董瀚. 校直对汽车转向器感应淬火齿条弯曲疲劳寿命的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2023, 48(12): 29-35.

Wang Shuo, Guo Xiaofei, Dong Han. Effect of straightening on bending fatigue life of induction hardened rack in automobile steering system[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2023, 48(12): 29-35.

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校直对汽车转向器感应淬火齿条弯曲疲劳寿命的影响

Effect of straightening on bending fatigue life of induction hardened rack in automobile steering system

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