20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓断裂失效分析

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.12.049

金属热处理 ›› 2024, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (12): 306-311.DOI: 10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2024.12.049

20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓断裂失效分析

刘飞, 张雪超, 孙常明, 董云鹤, 刘阳, 郑建军

内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010030

收稿日期:2024-06-17 修回日期:2024-10-09 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2025-02-05
通讯作者: 郑建军,高级工程师,博士,E-mail:dkyzjj@163.com
作者简介:刘飞(1970—),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要研究方向为电力工程质量监督,18148385167@163.com。
基金资助:
内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司2022年科技计划项目(2022-38)

Fracture failure analysis of 20Cr1Mo1VTiB steel bolt

Liu Fei, Zhang Xuechao, Sun Changming, Dong Yunhe, Liu Yang, Zheng Jianjun

Inner Mongolia Power (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010030, China

Received:2024-06-17 Revised:2024-10-09 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2025-02-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 某汽轮机组高压主汽门用20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢高温紧固螺栓服役1.29×10⁵ h后发生断裂失效故障。采用化学成分分析、SEM及TEM微观组织分析、XRD检测及力学性能测试等方法剖析了20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓的断裂失效原因。结果表明,20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓的断裂失效主要与服役工况的长时高温和高应力耦合环境所引发的蠕变损伤有关,微观上与两种蠕变孔洞的形成有关,一种是形成于粗大夹杂物尖角附近微裂纹区的蠕变孔洞,另外一种则是Laves相析出后沿其界面形成的孔洞。随着运行时间的累积,20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓基体中的蠕变孔洞数量不断增加并聚集长大,最终成为裂纹源,引发20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓的疲劳断裂失效。

关键词: 20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓, 蠕变, 断裂失效, 夹杂物, Laves相

Abstract: A high-temperature fastening bolt (20Cr1Mo1VTiB steel) for the high-stress main steam valve of a steam turbine unit cracked after serving for 1.29×10⁵ h. The cracking failure cause of the high-temperature fastening bolt was analyzed by means of chemical composition examination, SEM and TEM microstructure observation, XRD detection, and mechanical property testing. The results show that the fracture of the bolt is primarily due to creep damage from long-term high-temperature and high-stress conditions of serving. Additionally, the accumulation of creep damage is mainly due to two types of creep voids forming in microcrack zones near coarse inclusions sharp corners and along the interface of Laves phase. With the increase of running time, the number of creep voids in the 20Cr1Mo1VTiB steel bolt matrix continuously rises and aggregates, eventually forming crack sources that lead to fatigue rupture.

Key words: 20Cr1Mo1VTiB steel bolt, creep, fracture faliure, inclusions, Laves phase

中图分类号:

TG146

刘飞, 张雪超, 孙常明, 董云鹤, 刘阳, 郑建军. 20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓断裂失效分析[J]. 金属热处理, 2024, 49(12): 306-311.

Liu Fei, Zhang Xuechao, Sun Changming, Dong Yunhe, Liu Yang, Zheng Jianjun. Fracture failure analysis of 20Cr1Mo1VTiB steel bolt[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2024, 49(12): 306-311.

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20Cr1Mo1VTiB钢螺栓断裂失效分析

Fracture failure analysis of 20Cr1Mo1VTiB steel bolt

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