铸态Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的组织细化及性能

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2025.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过形变结合热处理细化铸态Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的组织。首先将铸态Ti-6Al-4V钛合金在1100 ℃下进行固溶处理并水冷使组织转变为马氏体,然后采用750 ℃反复轧制的方式,将组织细化。研究分析表明,相关微观组织细化原理为:形变孪晶、位错重排、晶体旋转以及非连续动态再结晶。通过拉伸性能测试,发现相比铸态Ti-6Al-4V钛合金,经组织细化处理的合金具有较好的强塑性匹配关系。合金强度的提升是细晶强化以及位错强化共同作用的结果。塑性的提升是由于裂纹萌生并扩展时,裂纹尖端形成塑性区,从而阻碍裂纹扩展提升材料的塑性。此外,位错可在α相和β相之间完成滑移传递,从而能较好地协调α相和β相之间的变形,进一步提升材料的塑性。

关键词: 铸态Ti-6Al-4V钛合金, 组织细化, 拉伸性能, 原位拉伸

Abstract: Microstructure of the as-cast Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was refined by deformation combined with heat treatment. Firstly, the as-cast Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was subjected to solution treatment at 1100 ℃ and water cooling to transform the microstructure into martensite. Then, the microstructure was refined by repeated rolling at 750 ℃. The results show that the principles of microstructure refinement are the deformation twinning, dislocation rearrangement, crystal rotation and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization.Through tensile test, it is found that compared to the as-cast Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, the alloy treated with microstructure refinement has a better strength-plasticity matching relationship. The improvement of alloy strength is the result of the combined effect of fine grain strengthening and dislocation strengthening. The improvement of plasticity is due to the formation of a plastic zone at the crack tip during crack initiation and propagation, which hinders crack propagation and enhances the plasticity of the material. In addition, dislocations can complete slip transmission between the α and β phases, which can better coordinate the deformation between the α and β phases and further enhance the plasticity of the material.

Key words: as-cast Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, microstructure refinement, tensile properties, in-situ tension

中图分类号:

TG146.2⁺3

孙皓, 蒙迅. 铸态Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的组织细化及性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2025, 50(2): 52-60.

Sun Hao, Meng Xun. Microstructure refinement and properties of as-cast Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2025, 50(2): 52-60.

参考文献

[1] Jia M T, Zhang D L, Gabbitas B, et al. A novel Ti-6Al-4V alloy microstructure with very high strength and good ductility[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2015, 107: 10-13.
[2] Sabban R, Bahl S, Chatterjee K, et al. Globularization using heat treatment in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V for high strength and toughness[J]. Acta Materialia, 2019, 162: 239-254.
[3] 高星, 张宁, 丁燕, 等. 热处理时间对激光选区成形TC4钛合金组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2022, 47(9): 12-17.
Gao Xing, Zhang Ning, Ding Yan, et al. Effect of heat treatment time on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2022, 47(9): 12-17.
[4] Zhu Q Q, Yang X D, Lan H F, et al. Effect of solution treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy hot rolled sheet[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 23: 5760-5771.
[5] Chao Q, Cizek P, Wang J, et al. Enhanced mechanical response of an ultrafine grained Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced through warm symmetric and asymmetric rolling[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2016, 650: 404-413.
[6] Chong Y, Bhattacharjee T, Yi J, et al. Mechanical properties of fully martensite microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V alloy transformed from refined beta grains obtained by rapid heat treatment(RHT)[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2017, 138: 66-70.
[7] Markovsky P E, Semiatin S L. Tailoring of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V with local rapid(induction) heat treatment[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2011, 528(7/8): 3079-3089.
[8] Matsumoto H, Yoneda H, Sato K, et al. Room-temperature ductility of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with α′ martensite microstructure[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2011, 528(3): 1512-1520.
[9] Park C H, Kim J H, Yeom J T, et al. Formation of a submicrocrystalline structure in a two-phase titanium alloy without severe plastic deformation[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2013, 68(12): 996-999.
[10] Zherebtsov S V, Salishchev G A, Galeyev R M, et al. Production of submicrocrystalline structure in large-scale Ti-6Al-4V billet by warm severe deformation processing[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2004, 51(12): 1147-1151.
[11] Matsumoto H, Bin L, Lee S H, et al. Frequent occurrence of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization in Ti-6Al-4V alloy with α′ martensite starting microstructure[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2013, 44: 3245-3260.
[12] Chao Q, Hodgson P D, Beladi H. Ultrafine grain formation in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy by TMP of a martensitic microstructure[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2014, 45: 2659-2671.
[13] Beladi H, Chao Q, Rohrer G S. Variant selection and intervariant crystallographic planes distribution in martensite in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy[J]. Acta Materialia, 2014, 80: 478-489.
[14] Qin H, Jonas J J, Yu H, et al. Initiation and accommodation of primary twins in high-purity titanium[J]. Acta Materialia, 2014, 71: 293-305.
[15] Ito Y, Murakami S, Tsuji N. SEM/EBSD analysis on globularization behavior of lamellar microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V during hot deformation and annealing[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2017, 48: 4237-4246.
[16] Zhang Z X, Qu S J, Feng A H, et al. Achieving grain refinement and enhanced mechanical properties in Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by multidirectional isothermal forging[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2017, 692: 127-138.
[17] Choi S W, Won J W, Lee S, et al. Deformation twinning activity and twin structure development of pure titanium at cryogenic temperature[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2018, 738: 75-80.
[18] Bao L, Lecomte J S, Schuman C, et al. Study of plastic deformation in hexagonal metals by interrupted in-situ EBSD measurement[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2010, 12(10): 1053-1059.
[19] Sun J L, Trimby P W, Yan F K, et al. Grain size effect on deformation twinning propensity in ultrafine-grained hexagonal close-packed titanium[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2013, 69: 428-431.
[20] 宝磊. 纯钛的变形孪晶演变规律及相关晶体学问题的研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2013.
Bao Lei. Study on the deformation twinning evolution and the relevant crystallography in pure titanium[D]. Shenyang: Northeastern University, 2013.
[21] Roy S, Suwas S. Orientation dependent spheroidization response and macro-zone formation during sub β-transus processing of Ti-6Al-4V alloy[J]. Acta Materialia, 2017, 134: 283-301.
[22] Balachandran S, Kumar S, Banerjee D. On recrystallization of the α and β phases in titanium alloys[J]. Acta Materialia, 2017, 131: 423-434.
[23] Long S L, Liang Y L, Lu Y M, et al. Study on the formation of micro-voids during ductile fracture[J]. Materials Research Express, 2018, 5(1): 016515.
[24] Liu G Z, Zhao Q Y, Jia W J, et al. Slip systems of lamellar α and damage tolerance properties in Ti-5321 alloys formed by laser cladding[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2024, 31: 579-592.
[25] Tan C, Sun Q, Xiao L, et al. Slip transmission behavior across α/β interface and strength prediction with a modified rule of mixtures in TC21 titanium alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 724: 112-120.