重载齿轮热处理及应用

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2020.03.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

重载齿轮是指传递功率大、承载大、低速、受冲击载荷大的齿轮,技术要求其具有优良的耐磨性能、较高的接触疲劳强度和弯曲疲劳强度等,同时具有较高的抗冲击和承载能力,所以需要对其进行强化热处理,以提高综合力学性能及使用寿命。重载齿轮常用的强化热处理工艺有渗碳淬火、渗氮以及感应淬火等。本文综述了重载齿轮上述3种热处理技术的应用情况及进展,并提出重载齿轮真空低压渗碳的应用前景。

关键词: 重载齿轮, 渗碳淬火, 渗氮, 感应淬火, 真空低压渗碳

Abstract:

Heavy duty gear refers to the gear with large transmission power, large load, low speed and large impact load. Therefore, it is required to have excellent wear resistance, high contact fatigue strength and bending fatigue strength, so it is necessary to modify its surface in order to improve its surface hardness and service life. The common surface modification methods of the heavy duty gears are carburizing heat treatment, nitriding heat treatment and induction quenching and tempering treatment. In this paper, the research status and progress of the above three kinds of heat treatment of the heavy duty gears are reviewed, and the application prospect of vacuum low pressure carburizing for heavy duty gears is also proposed.

Key words: heavy duty gear, carburizing quenching, nitriding, induction quenching, vacuum low pressure carburizing

付海峰, 李俏, 徐跃明. 重载齿轮热处理及应用[J]. 金属热处理, 2020, 45(3): 178-185.

Fu Haifeng, Li Qiao, Xu Yueming. Heat treatment technologies and its application of heavy duty gears[J]. HTM, 2020, 45(3): 178-185.

参考文献

[1]赵韩, 吴其林, 黄康. 国内齿轮研究现状及问题研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2013, 49(19): 11-20.
Zhao Han, Wu Qilin, Huang Kang. Status and problem research on gear study[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(19): 11-20.
[2]Lorenz S Sigl, Günter Rau, Michael Krehl. 表面致密化粉末冶金齿轮的性能[J]. 韩凤麟, 译. 粉末冶金技术, 2012, 30(3): 229-233.
Lorenz S Sigl, Günter Rau, Michael Krehl. Properties of surface densified P/M gears[J]. Han Fenglin, Tran. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2012, 30(3): 229-233.
[3]李茂林, 张峰. 我国汽车用齿轮钢性能及其热处理技术的现状[J]. 装备制造技术, 2013(6): 164-167.
Li Maolin, Zhang Feng. Current situation of gear steel properties and heat treatment technology for automobile in China[J]. Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2013(6): 164-167.
[4]李建波, 王永宏, 殷平水, 等. 重载齿轮的结构设计与热处理工艺分析[J]. 科技与企业, 2012(3): 240.
[5]宋庭锋. 矿用设备齿轮箱齿轮材料的选择[J]. 煤矿机械, 2011 (7): 104-105.
Song Tingfeng. Choice mine equipment reducer gear material[J]. Coal Mine Machinery, 2011 (7): 104-105.
[6]曾敏, 王充, 任小鸿, 等. 矿山机械齿轮材料选择及热处理分析[J]. 热加工工艺, 2014, 43(22): 34-36.
Zeng Min, Wang Chong, Ren Xiaohong, et al. Materials choice and heat treatment analysis of mining mechanical gear[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2014, 43(22): 34-36.
[7]苏云玲, 罗远锋, 曲洪亮, 等. 航天动力系统用精密齿轮箱的集成制造工艺[J]. 新技术新工艺, 2017 (11): 3-6.
Su Yunling, Luo Yuanfeng, Qu Hongliang, et al. Integrated manufacturing process for precision gear box for space propulsion system[J]. New Technology and New Process, 2017 (11): 3-6.
[8]胡顺. 重载齿轮的结构设计与热处理分析[J]. 金属加工(热加工), 2011(11): 28-29.
[9]罗成. 高强度汽车渗碳齿轮钢的发展及应用[J]. 炼钢, 2006(5): 56-59.
Luo Cheng. Development and application of high strength automotive carburizing gear steels[J]. Steelmaking, 2006(5): 56-59.
[10]陈晖, 周细应. 汽车齿轮钢的研究进展[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 2011 (3): 478-482.
Chen Hui, Zhou Xiying. Research progress of gear steel for automobiles[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2011 (3): 478-482.
[11]赵振业. 航空高性能齿轮钢的研究与发展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2000(3): 148-157.
Zhao Zhenye. Development of higher-performance aeronautical gear steel[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2000(3): 148-157.
[12]陈运胜. 重载齿轮的合金材料接触面疲劳应力计算模型[J]. 世界有色金属, 2016(2): 82-83.
Chen Yunsheng. Fatigue stress calculation model of contact surface of alloy material for heavy load gear[J]. World Nonferrous Metals, 2016(2): 82-83.
[13]赵越超, 付莹. 齿轮材料的选择及热处理[J]. 煤矿机械, 2007, 28(10): 108-110.
Zhao Yuechao, Fu Ying. Choice of materials and heat treatment of gears[J]. Coal Mine Machinery, 2007, 28(10): 108-110.
[14]史若男, 张瑞亮, 王铁, 等. 感应淬火齿轮接触疲劳强度试验研究[J]. 机械传动, 2014(11): 18-21.
Shi Ruonan, Zhang Ruiliang, Wang Tie, et al. Experimental study of contact fatigue strength for induction hardening gear[J]. Journal of Mechanical Transmission, 2014(11): 18-21.
[15]邓玉容. 齿轮常用材料的选择及其热处理工艺分析[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2017 (34): 70-72.
[16]石勇. 浅析材料的选择及热处理对齿轮传动的影响[J]. 机械管理开发, 2011(1): 61-65.
Shi Yong. On the influence of material selection and heat treatment on gear transmission[J]. Mechanical Management and Development, 2011(1): 61-65.
[17]程欣. 常用齿轮材料的选择及其热处理工艺[J]. 中国科技信息, 2009(13): 139-149.
Cheng Xin. Commonly used gear materials selection and heat treatment process[J]. China Science and Technology Information, 2009 (13): 139-149.
[18]樊晓燕. 车床主轴箱齿轮的材料选择及热处理工艺[J]. 机械管理开发, 2009(2): 86-87.
Fan Xiaoyan. Material selection and heat treatment of lathe headstock gears[J]. Mechanical Management and Development, 2009(2): 86-87.
[19]李玉平. 常用齿轮材料的选择及其热处理工艺[J]. 新余高专学报, 2006(5): 105-106.
Li Yuping. Selection of common gear materials and heat treatment process[J]. Journal of Xinyu College, 2006(5): 105-106.
[20]王红阁, 杨师斌. 低速重载齿轮渗碳淬火热处理工艺研究[J]. 新技术新工艺, 2008 (4): 91-93.
Wang Hongge, Yang Shibin. New technological study on carburizing and quenching heat treatment of low speed tooth surface[J]. New Technology and New Process, 2008(4): 91-93.
[21]仲复欣. 大型重载齿轮的深层渗碳[J]. 金属热处理, 1985, 10(3): 28-33.
Zhong Fuxin. Deep carburizing of large heavy-duty gears[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 1985, 10(3): 28-33.
[22]张耀莉, 吴岩. 大型齿轮深层渗碳工艺的研究[J]. 工业加热, 1999 (4): 39-41.
Zhang Yaili, Wu Yan. Research on deep layer carburizing technology for large gears[J]. Industrial Heating, 1999(4): 39-41.
[23]黄星, 顾晓明, 丁盛, 等. 几种精密重载齿轮的热处理畸变控制[J]. 热处理, 2015(3): 26-30.
Huang Xing, Gu Xiaoming, Ding Sheng, et al. Heat treatment distortion controlling of several precise heavy-duty gear[J]. Heat Treatment, 2015(3): 26-30.
[24]顾晓明, 刘俊伟, 李康康, 等. 重载齿轮热处理节能增效的一些工艺[J]. 热处理技术与装备, 2015, 36(4): 17-21.
Gu Xiaoming, Liu Junwei, Li Kangkang, et al. Several processes of energy saving and efficiency improving in the field of heavy-duty gear heat treatment[J]. Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment, 2015, 36(4): 17-21.
[25]刘园园, 黄兴无. 大模数齿轮用钢及热处理[J]. 机械, 2004, 31(S1): 147-148.
[26]邓自清, 肖伟中. 渗碳齿轮硬化层深设计理论与试验对比研究[J]. 铸造技术, 2018, 39(4): 903-905.
Deng Ziqing, Xiao Weizhong. Comparative study of theory and experiment on the design of hardened layer depth of carburized gear[J]. Foundry Technology, 2018, 39(4): 903-905.
[27]马修泉, 薛维华. 20CrNi₂Mo钢作为重载齿轮材料的热处理工艺性能分析[J]. 煤矿机械, 2008, 29(2): 80-81.
Ma Xiuquan, Xiu Weihua. Heat treatment process performance analysis of 20CrNi2Mo steel as heavy gear material[J]. Coal Mine Machinery, 2008, 29(2): 80-81.
[28]蒋秋娥, 莫竞芳, 宋海峰, 等. 12CrNi3等低合金渗碳材料热处理工艺研究[J]. 新技术新工艺, 2017 (9): 76-78.
Jiang Qiue, Mo Jingfang, Song Haifeng, et al. Research on heat treatment technology for low-alloy carburizing material such as 12CrNi3[J]. New Technology and New Process, 2017(9): 76-78.
[29]张明. 机床传动主轴用40CrNiMo合金钢的热处理工艺研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2014 (20): 207-210.
Zhang Ming. Study on heat treatment process of 40CrNiMo steel for transmission of machine tool spindle[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2014 (20): 207-210.
[30]邹鹏, 张忠和, 张博, 等. 高级渗碳淬火钢网状碳化物敏感性的研究[J]. 热处理技术与装备, 2017, 38(4): 25-28.
Zou Peng, Zhang Zhonghe, Zhang Bo, et al. Research of sensitivity of network carbide in advanced carburized quenching steel[J]. Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment, 2017, 38(4): 25-28.
[31]戴新财. 渗碳齿轮钢晶粒粗化与渗碳工艺的关系推导[J]. 铸造技术, 2018(7): 1586-1590.
Dai Xincai. Derivation of relationship between grain coarsening and carburizing process of gear steel[J]. Foundry Technology, 2018(7): 1586-1590.
[32]刘爱辉, 隋艳伟. 热处理工艺对重载齿轮用20CrNi2Mo钢性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2012, 41(10): 182-183.
Liu Aihui, Sui Yanwei. Effects of heat treatment process on mechanical properties of 20CrNi2Mo steel as heavy gear material[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2012, 41(10): 182-183.
[33]罗长增, 姚亚俊, 石巨岩. 不同淬火介质对17CrNiMo6重载齿轮渗碳钢组织与性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2013, 38(5): 108-111.
Luo Changzeng, Yao Yajun, Shi Juyan. Effects of quenching media on microstructure and mechanical properties of 17CrNiMo6 steel for carburized heavy duty gear[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2013, 38(5): 108-111.
[34]王龙龙. 18Cr2Ni4WA重载齿轮的热处理工艺研究[J]. 机械管理开发, 2016(1): 71-73.
Wang Longlong. Heating technology analysis of 18Cr2Ni4WA heavy duty gear[J]. Mechanical Management and Development, 2016(1): 71-73.
[35]白树全, 高美兰, 王红. 采煤机重载齿轮的制造及其热处理工艺[J]. 铸造技术, 2012, 33(4): 412-413.
Bai Shuquan, Gao Meilan, Wang Hong. Manufacturing and heat-treatment process for heavy load gear in coal mining machine[J]. Foundry Technology, 2012, 33(4): 412-413.
[36]Kahrobaee Saeed, Mashefi Kashefi. Electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation of tempering process in AISI D2 tool steel[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 382: 359-365.
[37]曾晓蕾. 主减速从动齿轮低压真空渗碳热处理工艺[J]. 现代零部件, 2013(12): 72-74.
[38]楚大锋. 真空渗碳热处理齿角残留奥氏体控制[J]. 汽车工艺与材料, 2014 (12): 13-16.
[39]楚大锋. 齿轮真空渗碳热处理变形控制探析[J]. 汽车工艺与材料, 2015(3): 48-51.
[40]杨鑫, 张笑康, 刘美莉. 机械齿轮钢渗碳热处理变形行为分析[J]. 山东工业技术, 2017(5): 50.
[41]闫京芳. 单件渗碳热处理设备的发展前景[J]. 金属加工(热加工), 2016(S2): 54-56.
[42]李明, 刘晓丽. 渗碳热处理的缺陷研究与对策[J]. 世界有色金属, 2017 (21): 274-275.
Li Ming, Liu Xiaoli. Study on the defects of carburizing heat treatment and countermeasures[J]. World Nonferrous Metals, 2017(27): 274-275.
[43]李元开. 42CrMo钢重载齿轮的热处理[J]. 金属热处理, 1981, 6(10): 54-56.
[44]王滨生, 孙晓滨. 20CrMnTi钢渗氮、低温渗碳淬火复合热处理[J]. 金属热处理, 1998, 23 (3): 4-5.
Wang Binsheng, Sun Xiaobin. Nitriding and low temperature carburizing of steel 20CrMnTi[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 1998, 23(3): 4-5.
[45]Goman A M, Kukareko V A. Contact endurance of gearing teeth subjected to ion-beam nitriding[J]. Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability, 2014, 43(1): 69.
[46]Zenker R, 顾剑锋. 电子束淬火与渗氮的复合热处理技术[J]. 热处理, 2012(4): 48-53.
Zenker R, Gu Jianfeng. Electron meets nitrogen: Combination of electron beam hardening and nitriding[J]. Heat Treatment, 2012(4): 48-53.
[47]高仰之, 刘英祺. 离子渗氮热处理技术及设备发展历程与展望[J]. 金属热处理, 2014, 39(1): 66-74.
Gao Yangzhi, Liu Yingqi. Development and prospect of ion nitriding heat treatment technology and equipment[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2014, 39(1): 66-74.
.
[48] Celko P, Kuffová M, Shearman A. Fatigue resistance of low-alloy steel post long-term plasma-nitriding[J]. Transactions of the IMF, 2016, 94: 86-91.
[49]李双喜, 张铁成, 张冠星, 等. 金相法与硬度法测量离子渗氮层深度差异性研究[J]. 金属热处理, 2010, 35(9): 118-120.
Li Shuangxi, Zhang Tiecheng, Zhang Guanxing, et al. Measurement difference of plasma nitriding layer by metallography and hardness method[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2010, 35 (9): 118-120.
[50]冯显磊, 王忠, 率秀清, 等. 离子氮化技术在低速重载齿轮上的工艺研究与应用[J]. 热处理技术与装备, 2018, 39(2): 20-25.
Feng Xianlei, Wang Zhong, Shuai Xiuqing, et al. Research and application of ion nitriding technology on gear of low speed and heavy loading[J]. Heat Treatment Technology and Equipment, 2018, 39(2): 20-25.
[51]李晓喆. 齿轮渗碳、渗氮硬化表面耐磨性研究[J]. 中国金属通报, 2018 (6): 256-257.
[52]陈建丽, 马雪洁. 热处理工艺和渗氮处理对H13模具钢硬度的影响[J]. 铸造技术, 2014(4): 695-696.
Chen Jianli, Ma Xuejie. Effects of heat treatment process and nitriding .
on hardness of H13 die steel[J]. Foundry Technology, 2014 (4): 695-696.
[53]陈讲彪, 陈刚, 于文坛, 等. 感应淬火技术的发展及其应用[J]. 安徽冶金, 2018(3): 58-62.
Chen Jiangbiao, Chen Gang, Yu Wentan, et al. Development and application of induction hardening technology[J]. Anhui Metallurgy, 2018 (3): 58-62.
[54]刘继全, 周小惠, 田裕民. 大型重载齿轮整体表面感应淬火研究[J]. 大型铸锻件, 1998(3): 24-27.
[55]朱会文. 感应热处理的应用与渗碳[J]. 金属加工(热加工), 2015 (5): 56-57.
[56]陈国民. 齿轮感应淬火的应用前景[J]. 机械工人(热加工), 2006(11): 5-7.
Chen Guomin. Outlook of induction heating applied on gear[J]. Machinist Metal Forming, 2006(11): 5-7.
[57]王志明. 齿轮同时双频感应淬火新技术[J]. 机械传动, 2012(11): 108-110.
Wang Zhiming. The new technology of gear's simultaneous dual frequency induction hardening[J]. Journal of Mechanical, 2012(11): 108-110.
[58]杨连第. 感应淬火用并联振荡电路调谐探讨[J]. 汽车工艺与材料, 2001(6): 27-30.
Yang Liandi. Discussion on tuning of parallel oscillatory circuit for induction quenching[J]. Automobile Technology and Material, 2001(6): 27-30.
[59]王瑞祥. 在感应淬火应用上并联振荡电路调谐探讨[J]. 工业加热, 2004 (6): 45-49.
Wang Ruixiang. The application of tune of parallel oscillation circuit to induction quenching[J]. Industrial Heating, 2004(6): 45-49.
[60]邢壮, 邢志国, 王海斗, 等. 装甲车辆重载齿轮综合强化方法研究现状[J]. 材料导报, 2017, 31(6): 86-94.
Xing Zhuang, Xing Zhiguo, Wang Haidou, et al. Research status of comprehensive strengthening methods for heavy-duty gear of armored vehicles[J]. Materials Review, 2017, 31(6): 86-94.