高性能轴承钢的比较分析

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2021.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对多种高性能轴承钢进行了比较分析。渗碳轴承钢比整体淬硬钢强度低,但塑性和韧性要高,现行钢种中仅CSS-42L、M62钢的硬度达到68 HRC,意味着有更大的动态承载能力。高Cr型的Cr-Mo-V(Co)系轴承钢有较好的热硬度,其中CSS-42L、M62钢500 ℃时的热硬度超过58 HRC。P675、Ferrium C61、M50NiL等钢的渗层硬度分布比较合理,虽然CSS-42L钢有很高的表面硬度,但其渗层存在硬度“凹区”,限制了高载荷条件下的使用。耐蚀性是影响轴承寿命的最重要指标,耐蚀性较好的有Cronidur 30和Pyrowear 675(P675)钢,CSS-42L钢和M50NiL钢耐蚀性较差。除CSS-42L钢外,350 ℃以上使用的轴承钢残留奥氏体体积分数少于10%;CSS-42L钢残留奥氏体量太多,高温下使用时在温度和载荷的作用下奥氏体发生转变,会影响尺寸稳定性,限制了它在宇航领域的使用;目前可供在500 ℃使用的轴承钢有粉末型高速钢M62和ASP2060。渗碳/渗氮可使钢表面产生残余压应力,有利于提高疲劳寿命,P675、M50NiL钢的亚表层压应力大于CSS-42L钢。虽然球-杆试验机测试的疲劳寿命CSS-42L钢约是Pyrowear 675钢的两倍,但在轴承的高载荷加速试验中润滑不足时Pyrowear 675钢的疲劳寿命高于CSS-42L钢。

关键词: 轴承钢, 热硬性,耐蚀性, 疲劳寿命, 残留奥氏体, 残余压应力

Abstract: Several kinds of high performance bearing steels were compared and analyzed. The results show that the strengths of carburized bearing steels are lower than that of through-hardened bearing steels, but the ductility and toughness are higher. Only the hardness of CSS-42L and M62 steels reaches 68 HRC among the current steel grades, which means that it has greater dynamic load-bearing capacity. High chromium Cr-Mo-V(Co) bearing steels have better hot hardness than other steels, and hot hardness of CSS-42L and M62 steels at 500 ℃ exceed 58 HRC. The hardness profiles of P675, Ferrium C61 and M50NiL are better than CSS-42L. Although CSS-42L steel has a high surface hardness, there is “concave area” in the hardness profile of the carburized layer, which limits its use under high load conditions. Corrosion resistance is the most important index affecting bearing life. The corrosion resistances of Cronidur 30 and Pyrowear 675 are better than that of CSS-42L and M50NiL. In addition to CSS-42L steel, the volume percent of retained austenite in bearing steels used above 350 ℃ is less than 10%. There are too many retained austenite in CSS-42L steel, which will affect the dimensional stability due to the transformation of austenite under the action of temperature and load when used at high temperature, so CSS-42L steel is limited applicating in aerospace field. Now only M62 and ASP2060 steels can be used as bearing above 500 ℃. Carburizing/nitriding can generate residual compressive stress on the steel surface, which is beneficial to improve the fatigue life. The subsurface compression stresses of P675 and M50NiL steels are greater than that of CSS-42L steel. Although the fatigue life of the CSS-42L steel tested by the ball-on-rod tester is approximately twice that of the Pyrowear 675 steel, the fatigue life of the Pyrowear 675 steel is higher than that of the CSS-42L steel when the lubrication is insufficient in the high-load accelerated test of the bearings.

Key words: bearing steel, hot hardness, corrosion resistance, fatigue life, retained austenite, residual compressive stress

中图分类号:

TG142.7

李雄, 林发驹, 杜思敏, 吴铖川. 高性能轴承钢的比较分析[J]. 金属热处理, 2021, 46(6): 14-20.

Li Xiong, Lin Faju, Du Simin, Wu Chengchuan. Comparative analysis of high performance bearing steels[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2021, 46(6): 14-20.

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