热处理对增材制造316L不锈钢组织各向异性的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2021.10.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以选区激光熔化(SLM)制备的316L不锈钢为研究对象。首先对打印件的孔隙率、微观组织进行了表征,然后探究了热处理对组织各向异性及硬度的影响规律。结果表明,打印件的体积孔隙率和面孔隙率均较低,均在1%以下,二者之间没有明显差别;对于垂直打印方向的XY面,主要由互成67°交叉的条状微熔池组成,条状微熔池中包含柱状和胞状两种组织,前者主要位于熔池边界,长约几十微米、宽约400 nm,后者主要位于熔池中心位置,尺寸约400 nm;对于平行于打印方向的YZ面,熔池主要呈扇状,扇状熔池内部也包含柱状和胞状两种组织,但分布更加复杂,其中柱状组织贯穿多层熔池生长,XY面与YZ面在微观组织上存在着明显的各向异性。适当的热处理工艺可有效改善组织的各向异性, XY面在800 ℃×2 h热处理后基本可以实现均匀化,而YZ面在900 ℃×2 h处理后才达到均匀化。拥有微纳尺寸结构的增材制造件拥有比传统零件更高的硬度。此外,热处理可使不同方向上的硬度下降,但垂直打印方向上的硬度下降幅度更大。

关键词: 增材制造, 316L不锈钢, 微观组织各向异性, 热处理

Abstract: 316L stainless steel prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) was taken as the researching object. First, the porosity and microstructure of the printed parts were characterized, then the influence of heat treatment on anisotropy of the microstructure and hardness was explored. The results show that both the volume fraction and the area fraction of porosity of the printed parts are low (below 1%), and no obvious difference between the two. For the XY plane perpendicular to the printing direction, it is mainly composed of strip micro-melt pools passing across each other at angle of 67°. Each micro-melt pool consists of both columnar and cellular microconstituents. The former is mainly located at the boundary of the molten pool, with a length of about tens of microns and a width of about 400 nm. The latter is mainly located at the center of the molten pool with a size of about 400 nm. For the YZ plane parallel to the printing direction, it is mainly composed of fan-shaped microstucture containing columnar and cellular microconstituents. However, the distributions of these columnar and cellular microconstituents are more complex. The columnar microconstituent running through the multilayer molten pool, XY plane and YZ plane have obvious microstructure anisotropy. The appropriate heat treatment process can effectively decrease the anisotropy of the microstructure in the different planes. The XY plane can basically be homogenized after annealing at 800 ℃ for 2 h, while the YZ plane can be homogenized at 900 ℃ for 2 h. Additive manufacturing parts with micro-nano size structure have higher hardness than that of the traditional parts. In generally, the heat treatment can decrease the hardness in different directions, but the descender is greater in the vertical printing direction.

Key words: additive manufacturing, 316L stainless steel, microstructure anisotropy, heat treatment

中图分类号:

TG156

董智豪, 郑志军, 彭乐. 热处理对增材制造316L不锈钢组织各向异性的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2021, 46(10): 45-52.

Dong Zhihao, Zheng Zhijun, Peng Le. Effect of heat treatment on anisotropic microstructure of additive manufacturing 316L stainless steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2021, 46(10): 45-52.

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