退火工艺对无取向硅钢晶粒尺寸和织构强度的影响

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.12.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 围绕无取向硅钢的退火工艺展开叙述,综述了近20年国内外学者在退火温度、退火时间、加热速率、退火气氛方面对无取向硅钢晶粒尺寸和织构强度影响的研究工作;对比分析了退火热处理前后冷轧板组织与织构演变过程存在的差异,并对目前无取向硅钢退火过程中晶粒、织构的演变特征进行归纳总结。

关键词: 无取向硅钢, 退火, 晶粒尺寸, 织构, 磁性能

Abstract: Annealing processes of non-oriented silicon steel are described, and the researches on the effects of annealing temperature, annealing time, heating rate and annealing atmosphere on grain size and texture intensity of non-oriented silicon steel in recent twenty years are reviewed. In addition, the differences of microstructure and texture evolution of the cold-rolled sheet before and after annealing are compared and analyzed. Finally, the evolution characteristics of grains and textures during annealing of the non-oriented silicon steel are summarized.

Key words: non-oriented silicon steel, annealing, grain size, texture, magnetic properties

中图分类号:

TG142.77

王海军, 牛宇豪, 乔家龙, 凌海涛, 仇圣桃. 退火工艺对无取向硅钢晶粒尺寸和织构强度的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2023, 48(12): 44-55.

Wang Haijun, Niu Yuhao, Qiao Jialong, Ling Haitao, Qiu Shengtao. Effect of annealing process on grain size and texture intensity of non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2023, 48(12): 44-55.

参考文献

[1]陈卓. “双碳”大背景下的中国电工钢走势[J]. 电工钢, 2022, 4(1): 1-4.
Chen Zhuo. Trend of China's electrical steel under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutralization[J]. Electrical Steel, 2022, 4(1): 1-4.
[2]龚坚, 罗海文. 新能源汽车驱动电机用高强度无取向硅钢片的研究与进展[J]. 材料工程, 2015, 43(6): 102-112.
Gong Jian, Luo Haiwen. Progress on the research of high-strength non-oriented silicon steel sheets in traction motors of hybrid/electrical vehicles[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2015, 43(6): 102-112.
[3]岳重祥, 江毅, 倪卫锋, 等. 国内无取向硅钢未来十五年需求预测与发展建议[J]. 电工钢, 2021, 3(5): 37-41.
Yue Chongxiang, Jiang Yi, Ni Weifeng, et al. Demand forecast and development suggestion of domestic non-oriented silicon steel in the next 15 years[J]. Electrical Steel, 2021, 3(5): 37-41.
[4]Cunha M A, Paolinelli S C. Low core loss non-oriented silicon steels[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2008, 320(20): 2485-2489.
[5]Paolinelli S C, Cunha M A. Development of a new generation of high permeability non-oriented silicon steels[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2006, 304(2): e596-e598.
[6]何忠治. 电工钢[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2012.
[7]朱诚意, 鲍远凯, 汪勇, 等. 新能源汽车驱动电机用无取向硅钢应用现状和性能调控研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(23): 89-96.
Zhu Chengyi, Bao Yuankai, Wang Yong, et al. Research progress on application status and property control of non-oriented silicon steel for traction motor of new energy vehicles[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(23): 89-96.
[8]郭海荣, 李化龙. 退火工艺对1.8%Si冷轧无取向硅钢组织与磁性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2016, 45(16): 181-185, 189.
Guo Hairong, Li Hualong. Influences of annealing process on microstructures and magnetic properties of 1.8%Si non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2016, 45(16): 181-185, 189.
[9]Godec M, Jenko M, Grabke H J, et al. Sn segregation and its influence on electrical steel texture development[J]. ISIJ International, 1999, 39(7): 742-746.
[10]褚绍阳, 干勇, 仇圣桃, 等. 锡或锑在无取向电工钢中的研究进展[J]. 中国冶金, 2022, 32(5): 1-6.
Chu Shaoyang, Gan Yong, Qiu Shengtao, et al. Research progress of tin or antimony in non-oriented electrical steel[J]. China Metallurgy, 2022, 32(5): 1-6.
[11]Chang S K. Magnetic anisotropies and textures in high-alloyed non-oriented electrical steels[J]. ISIJ International, 2007, 47(3): 466-471.
[12]朱诚意, 黄罗翼, 罗小燕, 等. 钙处理对成品无取向硅钢夹杂物特性的影响[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2020, 32(2): 117-128.
Zhu Chengyi, Huang Luoyi, Luo Xiaoyan, et al. Effect of calcium treatment on characteristics of inclusions in finished non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2020, 32(2): 117-128.
[13]Hou C K, Liao C C. Effect of cerium content on the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels[J]. ISIJ International, 2008, 48(4): 531-539.
[14]李娜, 陆勤阳, 王永强, 等. Ce对2.9%Si-0.8%Al无取向硅钢夹杂物变质的影响[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2017, 29(7): 570-576.
Li Na, Lu Qinyang, Wang Yongqiang, et al. Effect of Ce on inclusions modification in 2.9%Si-0.8%Al non-oriented electrical steel[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2017, 29(7): 570-576.
[15]郭艳永, 蔡开科, 骆忠汉, 等. 钙处理对冷轧无取向硅钢磁性的影响[J]. 北京科技大学学报, 2005(4): 427-430, 452.
Guo Yanyong, Cai Kaike, Luo Zhonghan, et al. Behavior of microinclusions in cold-rolled non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2005(4): 427-430, 452.
[16]王荃, 张文康, 林媛, 等. 锰和锑对无取向硅钢组织性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2014, 43(20): 44-46, 50.
Wang Quan, Zhang Wenkang, Lin Yuan, et al. Effects of Mn and Sb on microstructure and properties of non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2014, 43(20): 44-46, 50.
[17]Hou C K. Effect of hot band annealing temperature on the magnetic properties of low-carbon electrical steels[J]. ISIJ International, 1996, 36(5): 563-571.
[18]金自力, 任慧平, 张红杰. 无取向硅钢退火织构的演变与磁性能关系的研究[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2007, 8(2): 77-80.
Jin Zili, Ren Huiping, Zhang Hongjie. Relation between evolution of annealing texture and magnetic property of non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2007, 8(2): 77-80.
[19]Park J T, Kim J K, Szpunar J A. Recrystallisation, grain growth and texture evolution in non-oriented electrical steels[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2007, 558-559: 657-664.
[20]李德超, 董俊慧, 陈海鹏, 等. 退火张力对无取向硅钢再结晶织构和磁性能的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2017, 31(2): 92-95.
Li Dechao, Dong Junhui, Chen Haipeng, et al. Influences of annealing tension on recrystallization texture and magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Materials Reports, 2017, 31(2): 92-95.
[21]Saxena A, Chaudhuri S K. Correlating the aluminum content with ferrite grain size and core loss in non-oriented electrical steel[J]. ISIJ International, 2004, 44(7): 1273-1275.
[22]匡元辉, 李建军, 岳尔斌, 等. 退火对TSCR生产低碳低硅无取向硅钢的影响[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2010, 31(3): 25-29, 49.
Kuang Yuanhui, Li Jianjun, Yue Erbin, et al. Effect of annealing on low-carbon and low-silicon non-oriented silicon steel produced by TSCR[J]. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2010, 31(3): 25-29, 49.
[23]杨健, 李婷婷. 稀土处理的无取向硅钢夹杂物控制研究进展[J]. 钢铁, 2022, 57(7): 1-15.
Yang Jian, Li Tingting. Research progress on inclusion control of non-oriented silicon steel with REM treatment[J]. Iron & Steel, 2022, 57(7): 1-15.
[24]彭凯. 冷轧方式及退火温度对50W470硅钢组织, 织构及磁性能的影响研究[D]. 江西: 江西理工大学, 2016.
[25]武晓龙, 杨平, 顾新福, 等. 常化处理对50W800电工钢组织、织构与磁性的影响[J]. 电工钢, 2019, 1(1): 29-36.
Wu Xiaolong, Yang Ping, Gu Xinfu, et al. Effects of normalizing treatment on microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of 50W800 electrical steel[J]. Electrical Steel, 2019, 1(1): 29-36.
[26]Dorothée, Dorner. Retention of the Goss orientation between microbands during cold rolling of an Fe3%Si single crystal[J]. Acta Materialia, 2007, 55(7): 2519-2530.
[27]Abe H, Matsuo M, Ito K. Cold rolling and recrystallization textures of silicon-iron crystals rolled in (100)[001]orientation[J]. Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals, 1963, 4(1): 28-32.
[28]Cheng L, Zhang N, Yang P, et al. Retaining {100} texture from initial columnar grains in electrical steels[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2012, 67(11): 899-902.
[29]Park J T, Szpunar J A. Evolution of recrystallization texture in non-oriented electrical steels[J]. Acta Materialia, 2003, 51(11): 3037-3051.
[30]Chang S K. Texture effects on magnetic properties in high-alloyed non-oriented electrical steels[J]. Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 2007, 49(11-12): 569-573.
[31]汪勇, 朱诚意, Jürgen S, 等. 常化和退火温度对2.4%Si冷轧无取向硅钢组织和织构的影响[C]//2017第14届中国电工钢学术年会论文集. 宁波, 中国金属学会, 2017: 89-96.
[32]Li N, Ma L, Xiang L, et al. Evolution of texture in a 2.8%Si non-oriented electrical steel annealed at 1100℃[J]. Materials Transactions, 2014, 55(2): 387-390.
[33]张婷, 张晓明, 郭志元, 等. 退火温度对双辊连铸无取向硅钢组织的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2013, 38(3): 61-64.
Zhang Ting, Zhang Xiaoming, Guo Zhiyuan, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on the recrystallized microstructure of non-oriented electrical steel produced by twin-roll casting process[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2013, 38(3): 61-64.
[34]张兴海, 杨超, 贾宝瑞, 等. 退火温度对双辊薄带连铸高强度无取向硅钢组织和性能的影响[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2020, 32(11): 1000-1005.
Zhang Xinghai, Yang Chao, Jia Baorui, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of high strength non-oriented silicon steel produced by twin-roll casting process[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2020, 32(11): 1000-1005.
[35]彭雄, 张晓明, 肖亚, 等. 退火时间对双辊薄带连铸3%Si无取向硅钢再结晶组织、织构及磁性能的影响[C]//2014年全国轧钢生产技术会议文集(上). 无锡, 中国金属学会, 2014: 434-440.
[36]马良, 项利, 仇圣桃, 等. 双辊薄带连铸3. 98%Si-0. 71%Al无取向硅钢的组织、织构和磁性能[J]. 机械工程材料, 2014, 38(1): 47-51.
Ma Liang, Xiang Li, Qiu Shengtao, et al. Microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of 3.98%Si-0.71%Al non-oriented silicon steel prepared by twin-roll thin strip continuous casting[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 38(1): 47-51.
[37]陈永利, 周雪娇, 索粮, 等. 退火工艺对1.26%Si无取向硅钢组织性能的影响规律[J]. 热加工工艺, 2016, 45(14): 218-222.
Chen Yongli, Zhou Xuejiao, Suo Liang, et al. Effects laws of annealing process on microstructure and properties of 1.26%Si non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2016, 45(14): 218-222.
[38]孙强, 李志超, 米振莉, 等. 退火温度对无取向硅钢再结晶行为的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2016, 37(3): 58-62.
Sun Qiang, Li Zhichao, Mi Zhenli, et al. Influence of annealing temperature on recrystallization behavior of a non-oriented electrical steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2016, 37(3): 58-62.
[39]Mehdi M, He Y, Hilinski E J, et al. Texture evolution of a 2.8wt%Si non-oriented electrical steel during hot band annealing[C]//IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. IOP Publishing 2018, 375(1): 012014.
[40]Fan L F, Li S, Xiao L J, et al. Study on microstructure and texture of a new-type low Si high Mn non-oriented silicon steel 50W250[J]. Metallurgical Research and Technology, 2019, 116(6): 632-639.
[41]张兴海, 杨超. 退火时间对双辊薄带连铸无取向硅钢组织结构和性能的影响[J]. 金属功能材料, 2020, 27(6): 62-65.
Zhang Xinghai, Yang Chao. Effect of annealing time on microstructure and properties of non-oriented silicon steel produced by twin-roll casting process[J]. Metallic Functional Materials, 2020, 27(6): 62-65.
[42]李兆振, 宋新莉, 刘静, 等. 铬、锰及退火温度对无取向硅钢组织性能影响[J]. 钢铁, 2020, 55(5): 80-86, 102.
Li Zhaozhen, Song Xinli, Liu Jing, et al. Effect of Cr, Mn and annealing temperature on properties of non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2020, 55(5): 80-86, 102.
[43]于雷, 罗海文. 部分再结晶退火对无取向硅钢的磁性能与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(3): 291-300.
Yu Lei, Luo Haiwen. Effect of partial recrystallization annealing on magnetic properties and mechanical properties of non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2020, 56(3): 291-300.
[44]刘青松, 裴英豪, 施立发, 等. 退火温度对3.0%Si冷轧无取向硅钢组织及性能的影响[J]. 电工钢, 2022, 4(2): 9-13.
Liu Qingsong, Pei Yinghao, Shi Lifa, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of 3.0%Si cold rolled non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Electrical Steel, 2022, 4(2): 9-13.
[45]谭玄, 袁童欣, 尤学文, 等. 退火温度对3.1Si-0.8Al-1.3Mn高强无取向硅钢组织与性能的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2022, 43(10): 136-144.
Tan Xuan, Yuan Tongxin, You Xuewen, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of 3.1Si-0.8Al-1.3Mn high strength non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2022, 43(10): 136-144.
[46]黄俊, 罗海文. 退火工艺对含Nb高强无取向硅钢组织及性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(3): 377-384.
Huang Jun, Luo Haiwen. Influence of annealing process on microstructures, mechanical and magnetic properties of Nb-containing high-strength non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2018, 54(3): 377-384.
[47]张文儒. 退火温度和铬元素对电工钢组织和性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2017, 46(12): 222-224.
Zhang Wenru. Effect of annealing temperature and Cr element on microstructure and properties of electrical steel[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2017, 46(12): 222-224.
[48]张兴海, 杨超, 张立生. Ni添加对双辊薄带连铸无取向硅钢组织和性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2022, 51(14): 145-148.
Zhang Xinghai, Yang Chao, Zhang Lisheng. Effects of Ni addition on microstructure and properties of non-oriented silicon steels by twin-roll casting process[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2022, 51(14): 145-148.
[49]孔祥兵, 任慧平, 金自力, 等. 退火温度对新能源汽车用含Ce无取向电工钢组织和织构的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2021, 46(2): 149-153.
Kong Xiangbing, Ren Huiping, Jin Zili, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and texture of Ce-bearing non-oriented electrical steel for new energy automobiles[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2021, 46(2): 149-153.
[50]陈丽丽. 退火温度和时间对稀土处理无取向硅钢组织和综合磁性能的影响[J]. 上海金属, 2017, 39(3): 40-44, 50.
Chen Lili. Effect of annealing temperature and time on microstructure and integrative magnetic properties of non-oriented silicon steel treated with RE alloy[J]. Shanghai Metals, 2017, 39(3): 40-44, 50.
[51]Wang J, Li J, Wang X F, et al. Effect of heating rate on microstructure evolution and magnetic properties of cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2010, 17(11): 54-61.
[52]Wu S Y, Lin C H, Hsu W C, et al. Effect of heating rate on the development of annealing texture in a 1.09wt.%Si non-oriented electrical steel[J]. ISIJ International, 2016, 56(2): 326-334.
[53]Bae B K, Woo J S, Kim J K. Effect of heating rate on properties of non-oriented electrical steel containing 0.4%Si[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2003, 254: 373-375.
[54]Gutiérrez C E, Salinas-Rodríguez A, Nava-Vázquez E. Effect offast annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of non-oriented Al-Si low C electrical steels[C]//Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2007, 560: 29-34.
[55]Li M, Xiao Y, Wang W, et al. Effect of annealing parameter on microstructure and magnetic properties of cold rolled non-oriented electrical steel[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2007, 17(s1A): 74-78.
[56]夏冬生, 杨平, 谢利, 等. 升温速率对低碳无取向电工钢脱碳退火组织及织构的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2014, 50(12): 1437-1445.
Xia Dongsheng, Yang Ping, Xie Li, et al. Influence of heating rate on the decarburized annealing microstructure and texture in low-caron non-oriented electrical steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2014, 50(12): 1437-1445.
[57]Fang F, Xu Y B, Zhang Y X, et al. Evolution of recrystallization microstructure and texture during rapid annealing in strip-cast non-oriented electrical steels[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 381: 433-439.
[58]苏志贺, 金自力, 吴忠旺, 等. 罩式退火工艺的升温速率对无取向硅钢织构及性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2022, 47(10): 124-128.
Su Zhihe, Jin Zili, Wu Zhongwang, et al. Influence of heating rate of bell annealing process on texture and properties of non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2022, 47(10): 124-128.
[59]Park J T, Szpunar J A, Cha S Y. Effect of heating rate on the development of annealing texture in non-oriented electrical steels[J]. Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 2007, 43(10): 1611-1614.
[60]卢凤喜, 何敏. 高牌号无取向电工钢生产技术[J]. 武钢技术, 2006, 44(6): 13-16.
Lu Fengxi, He Min. Production techniques of high-grade non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet[J]. Electrical Steel, 2006, 44(6): 13-16.
[61]Paolinelli S C, Cunha M A. Effect of stress relief annealing temperature and atmosphere on the magnetic properties of silicon steel[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2006, 304(2): 599-601.
[62]贾维平, 薛宁, 李国峰. 气氛热处理对无取向硅钢组织及织构的影响[J]. 电子显微学报, 2010, 29(1): 55-58.
Jia Weiping, Xue Ning, Li Guofeng. Effect of atmosphere heat treatment on microstructures and texture of non-oriented silicon steel[J]. Journal of Chinese Electron Microscopy Society, 2010, 29(1): 55-58.
[63]Xie L, Yang P, Xia D, et al. Microstructure and texture evolution in a non-oriented electrical steel during γ→ α transformation under various atmosphere conditions[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 374: 655-662.
[64]Park J S, Park J T. Effect of stress relief annealing temperature and atmosphere on the microstructure and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steels[C]//2016 6th International Electric Drives Production Conference (EDPC). IEEE, 2016: 288-292.
[65]王健, 李俊, 郭文渊, 等. 冷轧无取向硅钢再结晶退火组织和织构演变研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2010, 24(19): 100-103, 111.
Wang Jian, Li Jun, Guo Wenyuan, et al. Progress in evolution of structure and texture during annealing in cold rolled non-oriented silicon steels[J]. Materials Reports, 2010, 24(19): 100-103, 111.
[66]Lee H H, Jung J, Yoon J I, et al. Modelling the evolution of recrystallization texture for a non-grain oriented electrical steel[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2018, 149: 57-64.
[67]Park J T, Szpunar J A. Texture development during grain growth in non-oriented electrical steels[J]. ISIJ International, 2005, 45(5): 743-749.
[68]Landgraf F, Yonamine T, Takanohashi R, et al. Magnetic properties of silicon steel with as-cast columnar structure[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2003, 254: 364-366.