Microstructure and hardness of laser clad zirconium coating on austenitic stainless steel

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.05.003

Abstract

Abstract: In order to improve the surface properties of commonly used austenitic stainless steels, extend their service life, and broaden their use value, the laser cladding technology was used to prepare a zirconium coating on the surface of a typical austenitic stainless steel. The microstructure of the clad coating was characterized by means of metallographic microscopy, XRD, ECC and EDS, and the hardness of the coating and substrate was tested by means of Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the laser clad zirconium coating has good metallurgical bonding with the stainless steel substrate, the coating grains mainly exhibit a dendritic morphology, while the substrate grains mainly exhibit an equiaxed morphology containing annealing twins. In the laser clad coating, Zr and Si elements are mainly concentrated within the dendrites, while Fe and Cr elements are mainly concentrated between the dendrites, and the distribution of Ni and Mn elements is relatively uniform. The hardness of the coating (about 743.2 HV0.1) is significantly higher than that of the substrate (about 230.5 HV0.1), being about 3.2 times that of the substrate, which may be related to the microstructure of the dendritic structure formed in the coating and the segregation of elements therein. In addition, the contribution from second phase strengthening cannot be ignored.

Key words: austenitic stainless steel, laser cladding, zirconium coating, microstructure, hardness

CLC Number:

TG178

Wu Yu, Tang Qi, Su Xiaofeng, Jiang Wenlong, Zhou Danqing. Microstructure and hardness of laser clad zirconium coating on austenitic stainless steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2023, 48(5): 12-17.

References

[1]蔡航伟, 高原, 马志康, 等. 奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学[J]. 机械工程材料, 2015, 39(1): 102-106.
Cai Hangwei, Gao Yuan, Ma Zhikang, et al. Kinetics of double-glow plasma Zr surface alloying on austenite stainless steel[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 39(1): 102-106.
[2]陆小会, 高原, 韦文竹, 等. 奥氏体不锈钢表面等离子渗锆合金层的抗酸腐蚀性研究[J]. 桂林电子科技大学学报, 2014, 34(2): 168-172.
Lu Xiaohui, Gao Yuan, Wei Wenzhu, et al. Research on acid corrosion resistance of Zr-alloyed layer formed on stainless steel by plasma technique[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 2014, 34(2): 168-172.
[3]柴茂盛. 氙离子辐照对锆合金和奥氏体不锈钢微结构和性能的影响[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2012.
Chai Maosheng. Effect of xenon ion irradiation on microstructure and properties of Zr alloy and austenitic stainless steels[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2012.
[4]Singh A, Murugesan S, Parameswaran P, et al. Characterization and performance of magnetron-sputtered zirconium coatings deposited on 9Cr-1Mo steel[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2016, 25(11): 4666-4679.
[5]Hollis K J, Hawley M E, Dickerson P O. Characterization of thermal diffusion related properties in plasma sprayed zirconium coatings[J]. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2011, 21(3/4): 409-415.
[6]Zander D, Koster U. Corrosion of amorphous and nanocrystalline Zr-based alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2004, 375-377(1): 53-59.
[7]Lee T, Lee T, Kim I, et al. Breaking the limit of Young's modulus in low-cost Ti-Nb-Zr alloy for biomedical implant applications[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 828(1): 154401.
[8]胡欣, 魏强, 李长义, 等. 新型口腔修复用钛锆铌锡合金的摩擦性能[J]. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2010, 14(12): 2159-2163.
Hu Xin, Wei Qiang, Li Changyi, et al. Wear resistance properties of Ti-Zr-Nb-Sn alloy for dental restoration[J]. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research, 2010, 14(12): 2159-2163.
[9]Kutty T, Ravi K, Ganguly C, et al. Studies on hot hardness of Zr and its alloys for nuclear reactors[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1999, 265(1): 91-99.
[10]周琪, 孙金华, 王秋红, 等. 纯锆粉及包覆Fe₃O₄锆粉的燃烧特性[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2012, 18(6): 533-538.
Zhou Qi, Sun Jinhua, Wang Qiuhong, et al. Flame propagation characteristic of zirconium particle and zirconium particle coated with Fe₃O₄[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2012, 18(6): 533-538.
[11]孙涛, 程宗辉, 张志强, 等. 超高强度钢表面激光涂层的组织及力学性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2017, 42(11): 51-55.
Sun Tao, Cheng Zonghui, Zhang Zhiqiang, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser cladding coating on surface of ultra-high strength steel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2017, 42(11): 51-55.
[12]张佳琪, 董梁, 鞠恒, 等. 高速钢表面激光熔覆高硬涂层的组织性能[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2016, 37(9): 196-200.
Zhang Jiaqi, Dong Liang, Ju Heng, et al. Microstructure and properties of surface coating on a high speed steel by laser cladding[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2016, 37(9): 196-200.
[13]Zhang M, Zhou X, Yu X, et al. Synthesis and characterization of refractory TiZrNbWMo high-entropy alloy coating by laser cladding[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2017, 311(1): 321-329.
[14]曹鹏, 雷高峰, 苏成明, 等. 不同送料工艺对液压支架激光熔覆再制造的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(S2): 424-427, 432.
Cao Peng, Lei Gaofeng, Su Chengming, et al. Influence of different feeding process on laser cladding remanufacruring of hydraulic support[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(S2): 424-427, 432.
[15]Huang C, Zhang Y, Vilar R, et al. Dry sliding wear behavior of laser clad TiVCrAlSi high entropy alloy coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrate[J]. Materials & Design, 2012, 41(1): 338-343.
[16]Jiang H, Han K M, Li D Y, et al. Synthesis and characterization of AlCoCrFeNiNb_x high-entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding[J]. Crystals, 2019, 9(1): 9010056.
[17]Zhang S, Wu C L, Yi J Z, et al. Synthesis and characterization of FeCoCrAlCu high-entropy alloy coating by laser surface alloying[J]. Surface & Coatings Technology, 2015, 262: 64-69.
[18]Li J, Zhang X, He X, et al. Preparation, biocompatibility and wear resistance of microstructured Zr and ZrO₂ alloyed layers on 316L stainless steel[J]. Materials Letters, 2017, 203: 24-27.
[19]魏杰, 沈剑韵, 吴刚, 等. Zr-Fe-Si体系580 ℃富Zr端相关系研究[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2022, 51(3): 906-912.
Wei Jie, Shen Jianyun, Wu Gang, et al. Study on the phase relations in Zr-Rich region of Zr-Fe-Si system at 580 ℃[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2022, 51(3): 906-912.
[20]Mann J, Meek T, Knight E, et al. Configuration energies of the d-Block elements[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2000, 122: 5132-5137.
[21]Lv P, Zhou K, Wang H P. Evidence for the transition from primary to peritectic phase growth during solidification of undercooled Ni-Zr alloy levitated by electromagnetic field[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1): 39042.
[22]Lv P, Wang H P, Wei B. Competitive nucleation and growth between the primary and peritectic phases of rapidly solidifying Ni-Zr hypoperitectic alloy[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2018, 50(2): 789-803.
[23]Lü P, Wang H P. Observation of the transition from primary dendrites to coupled growth induced by undercooling within Ni-Zr hyperperitectic alloy[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2017, 137(1): 31-35.
[24]Maity T, Das J. High strength Ni-Zr-(Al) nanoeutectic composites with large plasticity[J]. Intermetallics, 2015, 63(1): 51-58.
[25]Liu K, Li Y, Wang J, et al. Preparation, microstructural evolution and properties of Ni-Zr intermetallic/Zr-Si ceramic reinforced composite coatings on zirconium alloy by laser cladding[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 647(1): 41-49.