Research progress on laser surface melting treatment of magnesium alloys

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.07.040

Abstract

Abstract: Magnesium alloys are excellent lightweight material and potential implant material for human body. However, they are active and have poor corrosion resistance. The laser surface melting (LSM) technology can quickly form a melting layer with fine grains on the surface of magnesium alloy and change the surface microstructure and composition, and has an important influence on improving the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The recent studies on laser surface melting of the magnesium alloys are reviewed. The effect of laser surface melting on microstructure, composition, wettability, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloys is analyzed. The development directions of laser melting treatment on microstructure transformation, corrosion mechanism and mechanical behavior, degradation behavior and biocompatibility of the magnesium alloys are summarized and prospected.

Key words: magnesium alloy, laser surface melting, microstructure, corrosion resistance, biocom patibility

CLC Number:

TG178

Zhang Xi, Wen Jinhao, Wu Bingbing, Xie Fang, Ma Xinbo, Kong Fanxiao. Research progress on laser surface melting treatment of magnesium alloys[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2023, 48(7): 237-244.

References

[1]Pan F S, Yang M B, Chen X H. A review on casting magnesium alloys: Modification of commercial alloys and development of new alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2016, 32(12): 1211-1221.
[2]Kumar D, Phanden R K, Thakur L. A review on environment friendly and lightweight magnesium-based metal matrix composites and alloys[J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, 38(1): 359-364.
[3]何杰军, 吴鲁淑. 预孪生纯镁及AZ80镁合金退火过程力学性能演变及其机制[J]. 金属热处理, 2022, 47(5): 65-70.
He Jiejun, Wu Lushu. Evolution of mechanical properties and its mechanisms of pre-twinned pure magnesium and AZ80 magnesium alloy during annealing[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2022, 47(5): 65-70.
[4]Esmaily M, Svensson J E, Fajardo S, et al. Fundamentals and advances in magnesium alloy corrosion[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2017, 89: 92-193.
[5]Abbott T B. Magnesium: Industrial and research developments over the last 15 years[J]. Corrosion, 2015, 71(2), 120-127.
[6]张子延, 陈君, 陈晓亚, 等. 固溶时效处理对Mg-4Sm-3Gd-0.5Zr合金显微组织和耐蚀性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2022, 47(4): 10-16.
Zhang Ziyan, Chen Jun, Chen Xiaoya, et al. Effect of solution and aging treatment on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-4Sm-3Gd-0.5Zr alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2022, 47(4): 10-16.
[7]Arrabal R, Mohedano M, Matykina E. Electrochemical surface treatments for Mg alloys[J]. Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and Alloys, 2022, 1: 87-112.
[8]Correa E, Zuleta A A, Guerra L, et al. Coating development during electroless Ni-B plating on magnesium and AZ91D alloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2013, 232: 784-794.
[9]王鑫, 潘希德, 牛强, 等. AZ33M镁合金激光熔覆Al-Si涂层的组织与性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2021, 46(5): 202-206.
Wang Xin, Pan Xide, Niu Qiang, et al. Microstructure and properties of laser clad Al-Si coating on AZ33M magnesium alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2021, 46(5): 202-206.
[10]Jothi V, Adesina A Y, Kumar A M, et al. Enhancing the biodegradability and surface protective performance of AZ31 Mg alloy using polypyrrole/gelatin composite coatings with anodized Mg surface[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2019, 381: 125139.
[11]申毅, 薛玉娜, 陈汉, 等. 微弧表面处理对AZ31B镁合金耐腐蚀及耐腐蚀疲劳性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2022, 47(8): 257-265.
Shen Yi, Xue Yuna, Chen Han, et al. Effect of micro-arc surface treatment on corrosion resistance and corrosion fatigue resistance of AZ31B magnesium alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2022, 47(8): 257-265.
[12]Wang Y S, Chen M F, Zhao Y. Preparation and corrosion resistance of microarc oxidation-coated biomedical Mg-Zn-Ca alloy in the silicon-phosphorus-mixed electrolyte. ACS Omega, 2019, 4 (25): 20937-20947.
[13]周留研, 刘利国, 马晖, 等. AZ31B镁合金盐浴碳氮钒共渗工艺[J]. 金属热处理, 2022, 47(7): 259-264.
Zhou Liuyan, Liu Liguo, Ma Hui, et al. Salt bath vanadium-nitrocarburizing process of AZ31B magnesium alloy[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2022, 47(7): 259-264.
[14]Dubé D, Fiset M, Couture A, et al. Characterization and performance of laser melted AZ91D and AM60B[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2001, 299(1/2): 38-45.
[15]Guan Y C, Zhou W, Zheng H Y. Effect of laser surface melting on corrosionbehaviour of AZ91D Mg alloy in simulated-modified body fluid[J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2009, 39(9): 1457-1464.
[16]Lee W J, Kim J, Park H W. Improved corrosion resistance of Mg alloy AZ31B induced by selective evaporation of Mg using large pulsed electron beam irradiation[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2019, 35(5): 891-901.
[17]Singh A, Harimkar S P. Laser surface engineering of magnesium alloys: A review[J]. JOM, 2012, 64(6): 716-733.
[18]Iwaszko J, Strzelecka M. Effect of cw-CO₂ laser surface treatment on structure and properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2016, 81: 63-69.
[19]Zhou J Z, Xu J L, Huang S, et al. Effect of laser surface melting with alternating magnetic field on wear and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2017, 309: 212-219.
[20]Liu C C, Liang J, Zhou J S, et al. Characterization of AZ31 magnesium alloy by duplex process combining laser surface melting and plasma electrolytic oxidation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2016, 382: 47-55.
[21]Meng C, Chen Z K, Li G, et al. Effect of laser surface melting on high temperature tensile properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 711: 258-266.
[22]Cui Z Q, Shi H X, Wang W X, et al. Laser surface melting AZ31B magnesium alloy with liquid nitrogen-assisted cooling[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(5): 1446-1453.
[23]葛亚琼, 王文先, 崔泽琴. AZ31B镁合金CO₂气体激光熔凝的微观组织与磨损性能[J]. 应用激光, 2014, 34(4): 294-298.
Ge Yaqiong, Wang Wenxian, Cui Zeqin. Microstructure and wear resistance of CO₂ laser surface melting on AZ31B magnesium[J]. Applied Laser, 2014, 34(4): 294-298.
[24]Li Y H, Arthanari S, Guan Y C. Influence of laser surface melting on the properties of MB26 and AZ80 magnesium alloys[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2019, 378: 124964.
[25]Liu C C, Liang J, Zhou J S, et al. Effect of laser surface melting on microstructure and corrosion characteristics of AM60B magnesium alloy[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2015, 343: 133-140.
[26]Manakari V, Parande G, Gupta M. Selective laser melting of magnesium and magnesium alloy powders: A review[J]. Metals, 2017, 7(1): 2.
[27]Wu T C, Joshi S S, Ho Y H, et al. Microstructure and surface texture driven improvement in in-vitro response of laser surface processed AZ31B magnesium alloy[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2021, 9(4): 1406-1418.
[28]Pou-Alvarez P, Riveiro A, Novoa X R, et al. Corrosion control: Laser-guided corrosion control: A new approach to tailor the degradation of Mg-alloys[J]. Small, 2021, 17(18): 2100924.
[29]Guan Y C, Zhou W, Li Z L, et al. Influence of overlapping tracks on microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior in laser-melt magnesium alloy[J]. Materials and Design, 2013, 52: 452-458.
[30]Wu T C, Ho Y H, Joshi S S, et al. Microstructure and corrosion behavior of laser surface-treated AZ31B Mg bio-implant material[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2017, 32(4): 797-803.
[31]Cui Y. Influence of laser surface melting on tribological behaviour of AZ31B[J]. Surface Engineering, 2016, 34(4): 296-300.
[32]Rakesh K R, Bontha S, Ramesh M R, et al. Laser surface melting of Mg-Zn-Dy alloy for better wettability and corrosion resistance for biodegradable implant applications[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 480: 70-82.
[33]Zeng C Z, Shen J, He C, et al. An ultrathin melted layer on magnesium alloy manufactured by low power laser[J]. Materials Research Express, 2019, 6(6): 066527.
[34]Rakesh K R, Bontha S, Ramesh M R, et al. Degradation, wettability and surface characteristics of laser surface modified Mg-Zn-Gd-Nd alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 2020, 31(5): 42.
[35]Zhang K M, Zou J X, Li J, et al. EBSD characterization of the laser remelted surface layers in a commercially pure Mg[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2014, 30(3): 263-267.
[36]方志浩, 马程鹏, 管迎春, 等. 激光熔化镁合金凝固组织及腐蚀行为[J]. 材料工程, 2017, 45(12): 1-9.
Fang Zhihao, Ma Chengpeng, Guan Yingchun, et al. Solidified structure and corrosion behavior of laser-melt magnesium alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2017, 45(12): 1-9.
[37]Aulakh S S, Kaushal G. Laser texturing as an alternative to grit blasting for improved coating adhesion on AZ91D magnesium alloy[J]. Transactions of the IMF, 2019, 97(2): 100-108.
[38]Demir A G, Furlan V, Lecis N, et al. Laser surface structuring of AZ31 Mg alloy for controlled wettability[J]. Biointerphases, 2014, 9 (2): 029009.
[39]Manne B, Thiruvayapati H, Bontha S, et al. Surface design of Mg-Zn alloy temporary orthopaedic implants: Tailoring wettability and biodegradability using laser surface melting[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2018, 347: 337-349.
[40]Ho Y H, Vora H D, Dahotre N B. Laser surface modification of AZ31BMg alloy for bio-wettability[J]. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 2014, 29(7): 915-928.
[41]Rakesh K R, Bontha S, Ramesh M R, et al. Laser surface modification of Mg-Zn-Gd alloy: Microstructural, wettability and in vitro degradation aspects[J]. Materials Research Express, 2018, 5(12): 126502.
[42]张春燕, 杨武, 马超. 镁合金激光重熔后微弧氧化膜的微观组织和耐蚀性能[J]. 材料保护, 2017, 50(2): 5-9.
Zhang Chunyan, Yang Wu, Ma Chao. Microstructure and corrosion behavior of micro-arc oxidation composite coating on treated magnesium alloy by laser surface melting[J]. Materials Protection, 2017, 50(2): 5-9.
[43]Liu C, Li Q, Liang J, et al. Microstructure and corrosion behaviour of laser surface melting treated WE43 magnesium alloy[J]. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(36): 30642-30651.
[44]Fajardo S, Miguélez L, Arenas M A, et al. Corrosion resistance of pulsed laser modified AZ31 Mg alloy surfaces[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2022, 10(3): 756-768.
[45]Wang L, Zhou J, Liang J, et al. Microstructure and corrosion behavior of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated magnesium alloy pretreated by laser surface melting[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2012, 206: 3109-3115.
[46]Khalfaoui W, Valerio E, Masse J E, et al. Excimer laser treatment of ZE41 magnesium alloy for corrosion resistance and microhardness improvement[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2010, 48(9): 926-931.
[47]Taltavull C, Torres B, Lopez A J, et al. Corrosion behaviour of laser surface melted magnesium alloy AZ91D[J]. Materials and Design, 2014, 57(5): 40-50.
[48]Coy A E, Viejo F, Garcia-Garcia F J, et al. Effect of excimer laser surface melting on the microstructure and corrosion performance of the die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy[J]. Corrosion Science, 2010, 52(2): 387-397.
[49]Zoroddu M A, Aaseth J, Crisponi G, et al. The essential metals for humans: A brief overview[J]. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2019, 195: 120-129.
[50]Li L Y, Cui L Y, Zeng R C, et al. Advances in functionalized polymer coatings on biodegradable magnesium alloys-a review[J]. Acta Biomater, 2018, 79: 23-36.
[51]Wagener V, Schilling A, Mainka A, et al. Cell adhesion on surface-functionalized magnesium[J]. Applied Materials and Interfaces, 2016, 8(19): 11998-12006.
[52]Virtanen S. Biodegradable Mg and Mg alloys: Corrosion and biocompatibility[J]. Materials Science and Engineering B, 2011, 176(20): 1600-1608.
[53]Alvarez-Lopez M, Pereda M D, Del Valle J A, et al. Corrosion behaviour of AZ31 magnesium alloy with different grain sizes in simulated biological fluids[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2010, 6(5): 1763-1771.
[54]Pacha-Olivenza M A, Galván J C, Porro J A, et al. Efficacy of laser shock processing of biodegradable Mg and Mg-1Zn alloy on their in vitro corrosion and bacterial response[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2020, 384: 125320.
[55]Zhang P J, Zou X R, Zhang S L, et al. Improve the binding force of PEEK coating with Mg surface by femtosecond lasers induced micro/nanostructures[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2021, 56(23): 13313-13322.
[56]高亚丽, 马广超, 张海波, 等. AZ91HP镁合金激光熔凝层的耐蚀性和生物相容性[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2015, 36(1): 147-152.
Gao Yali, Ma Guangchao, Zhang Haibo, et al. Corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of AZ91HP alloy melted layer treated by laser[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2015, 36(1): 147-152.
[57]郭长刚, 许益蒙, 王凌倩, 等. 激光表面强化对镁合金在模拟体液中腐蚀行为的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2017, 46(8): 188-194.
Guo Changgang, Xu Yimeng, Wang Lingqian, et al. Effect of laser surface strengthening on corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy in simulated body fluid[J]. Surface Technology, 2017, 46(8): 188-194.
[58]Park J, Park B I, Son Y J, et al. Femtosecond laser-mediated anchoring of polymer layers on the surface of a biodegradable metal[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2021, 9(4): 1373-1381.
[59]Guo C G, Wang L Q, Zhou J S, et al. Effect of grain refinement by laser surface treatment on cell adhesion behavior of AZ91D magnesium alloy[J]. Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 2021, 49(3): 1705-1715.