Research status of pearlitic steel and dual phase steel for commercial vehicle wheel

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2023.08.035

Abstract

Abstract: Pearlitic steel and dual phase steel are widely used in automobile wheel. Pearlitic steel has good toughness but insufficient strength, while dual phase steel has high strength but insufficient toughness. The research status of pearlite steel and dual phase steel for commercial vehicle wheels were systematically summarized. The effect of alloy elements on mechanical properties was introduced. In addition, the influence mechanism of rolling process, heat treatment process and welding process on the performance of wheel steel were also revealed. Finally, the future research directions of pearlite steel and dual phase steel are predicted, so as to provide reference for the development and safe service of commercial vehicle wheel steel in the future.

Key words: vehicle wheel, pearlitic steel, dual phase steel, mechanical properties, formability

CLC Number:

TG142.1

Zhou Linjun, Li Linze, Tian Yaqiang, Dai Xin, Chen Liansheng. Research status of pearlitic steel and dual phase steel for commercial vehicle wheel[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2023, 48(8): 209-218.

References

[1]刘倩, 郑小平, 张荣华, 等. 新型汽车用高强度中锰钢研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 材料导报, 2019, 33(7): 1215-1220.
Liu Qian, Zheng Xiaoping, Zhang Ronghua, et al. Medium manganese high strength steel for automotive application: Status quo and prospects[J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(7): 1215-1220.
[2]徐鹏. 汽车钢制车轮有限元分析与疲劳寿命预测[D]. 柳州: 广西科技大学, 2014.
[3]董存, 孙小明. 汽车车轮钢圈用热轧钢及其生产工艺[J]. 内燃机与配件, 2021(12): 42-43.
Dong Cun, Sun Xiaoming. Hot-rolled steel for automotive wheel rims and their production processes[J]. Internal Combustion Engine and Parts, 2021(12): 42-43.
[4]徐勇, 曾祥成, 田亚强, 等. 冷轧双相钢板材的力学性能各向异性实验研究[J]. 塑性工程学报, 2021, 28(7): 124-130.
Xu Yong, Zeng Xiangcheng, Tian Yaqiang, et al. Experimental study on anisotropy of mechanical properties of cold-rolled dual-phase steel sheet[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2021, 28(7): 124-130.
[5]张爱梅, 赵亮, 吾塔. 汽车车轮用B530CL研制开发[J]. 新疆钢铁, 2016(3): 10-14.
Zhang Aimei, Zhao Liang, Wu Ta. Research and development of B530CL for automotive wheels[J]. Xinjiang Iron and Steel, 2016(3): 10-14.
[6]肖尧. 500 MPa Nb-Ti微合金高强度汽车车轮钢510CL开发和使用性能[J]. 特殊钢, 2018, 39(6): 62-65.
Xiao Yao. Development and application performance of 500 MPa Nb-Ti microalloying high strength steel 510CL for auto wheel[J]. Special Steel, 2018, 39(6): 62-65.
[7]谢利群, 毛新平, 霍向东. Ti对钢的组织性能的影响[J]. 冶金丛刊, 2005(1): 1-4.
Xie Liqun, Mao Xinping, Huo Xiangdong. Effect of Ti on microstructure and property of steel[J]. Metallurgical Collections, 2005(1): 1-4.
[8]包阔, 肖运昌, 程玉君, 等. C490CL高强车轮用钢的开发与生产实践[J]. 河北冶金, 2017(4): 44-47.
Bao Kuo, Xiao Yunchang, Cheng Yujun, et al. Development and production practice of high strength steel C490CL for automotive wheel[J]. Hebei Metallurgy, 2017(4): 44-47.
[9]马海涛, 吴迪, 吴钢. 重载汽车轮辐钢带(板)的研制[J]. 钢铁, 2008(7): 64-67.
Ma Haitao, Wu Di, Wu Gang. Development of a steel for truck wheel spoke[J]. Iron and Steel, 2008(7): 64-67.
[10]吴菊环, 叶晓喻, 李正荣, 等. 高强度汽车车轮用P490CL热轧钢板研制[C]//第七届(2009)中国钢铁年会大会论文集(中). 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2009: 274-280.
[11]张志强, 柳风林, 李斌, 等. 基于CSP产线车轮轮辋钢的开发[J]. 四川冶金, 2020, 42(2): 43-46.
Zhang Zhiqiang, Liu Fenglin, Li Bin, et al. Development of wheel rim steel based on CSP process[J]. Sichuan Metallurgy, 2020, 42(2): 43-46.
[12]代鑫. 核压力容器用大锻件SA508-Ⅳ钢疲劳性能的研究[D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2021.
[13]栾士双, 毕洪志, 翟利伟, 等. 车轮钢TG 380CL的研制与开发[J]. 汽车工艺与材料, 2012(3): 57-59.
Luan Shishuang, Bi Hongzhi, Zhai Liwei, et al. Development of wheel steel TG 380CL[J]. Automobile Technology and Material, 2012(3): 57-59.
[14]侯续廷. 基于热轧1700产线的高强度车轮钢420CL的产品设计研发[J]. 黑龙江科技信息, 2015(22): 24.
Hou Xuting. Product design and development based on hot-rolled 1700 production line high-strength wheel steel 420CL[J]. Scientific and Technological Innovation, 2015(22): 24.
[15]YB/T 4151—2015, 汽车车轮用热轧钢板和钢带[S].
[16]赵刚毅, 刘社牛, 孙玉强, 等. 车轮钢AG400CL的研制与开发[J]. 河南冶金, 2009, 17(2): 14-15.
Zhao Gangyi, Liu Sheniu, Sun Yuqiang, et al. Development of wheel steel AG400CL[J]. Henan Metallurgy, 2009, 17(2): 14-15.
[17]刘振伟, 田鹏, 王志太, 等. 连铸枝晶偏析对X80管线钢力学性能的影响[J]. 焊管, 2014, 37(6): 31-36.
Liu Zhenwei, Tian Peng, Wang Zhitai, et al. Effect of casting dendritic segregation on mechanical properties of X80 pipeline steel[J]. Welded Pipe and Tube, 2014, 37(6): 31-36.
[18]严春莲, 鞠新华, 其其格, 等. 高温加热制度对380CL连铸板坯枝晶偏析及轧材带状组织的影响[J]. 冶金分析, 2016, 36(9): 1-8.
Yan Chunlian, Ju Xinhua, Qi Qige, et al. Influence of high temperature heating schedule on the dendritic segregation and rolling banded microstructure of 380CL continuous cast stab[J]. Metallurgical Analysis, 2016, 36(9): 1-8.
[19]田亚强, 张明山, 宋进英, 等. 常见钢板分层缺陷的成因及整改措施[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2016, 37(2): 154-158.
Tian Yaqiang, Zhang Mingshan, Song Jinying, et al. Cause and improvement measures of common lamination defect of steel plate[J]. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2016, 37(2): 154-158.
[20]陈连生, 齐祥羽, 宋进英, 等. 65Mn锯片用钢硬度不均原因分析[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2015, 36(5): 134-138.
Chen Liansheng, Qi Xiangyu, Song Jinying, et al. Analysis on non-uniform hardness in saw blade of 65Mn steel[J]. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2015, 36(5): 134-138.
[21]宋进英, 齐祥羽, 陈连生, 等. 40Mn钢链片断裂原因分析及改进措施[J]. 金属热处理, 2015, 40(9): 209-214.
Song Jinying, Qi Xiangyu, Chen Liansheng, et al. Cause analysis of fractured 40Mn steel chain and counter measures[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2015, 40(9): 209-214.
[22]沈永革, 陈连生, 宋进英, 等. 石油套管用钢带状组织研究[J]. 钢铁钒钛, 2012, 33(4): 101-106.
Shen Yongge, Chen Liansheng, Song Jinying, et al. Research on banded microstructure of steel for oil casing pipe[J]. Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium, 2012, 33(4): 101-106.
[23]肖广耀, 宋进英, 田亚强, 等. 硫化物夹杂及成分偏析对610L钢冷弯开裂的影响[J]. 河北联合大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 34(3): 71-74.
Xiao Guangyao, Song Jinying, Tian Yaqiang, et al. Segregation and sulphide inclusions infuence on cracking of cold-formed for 610L[J]. Journal of North China University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2012, 34(3): 71-74.
[24]田亚强, 宋进英, 魏英立, 等. 控轧控冷工艺对J55石油套管用钢带状组织影响[J]. 塑性工程学报, 2011, 18(6): 110-114.
Tian Yaqiang, Song Jinying, Wei Yingli, et al. Influence of controlled rolling and cooling on banded structure of J55 oil casing[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2011, 18(6): 110-114.
[25]李合意, 王毅, 杨浩, 等. 汽车活塞杆用45钢魏氏组织预防措施以及工艺优化[J]. 特殊钢, 2021, 42(5): 69-71.
Li Heyi, Wang Yi, Yang Hao, et al. Preventive measures of Widmanstätten structure of 0.45%C steel for automobile piston rod and process optimization[J]. Special Steel, 2021, 42(5): 69-71.
[26]张明博, 刘效云, 高建国, 等. C380CL钢车轮焊缝开裂原因分析[J]. 上海金属, 2019, 41(3): 34-38.
Zhang Mingbo, Liu Xiaoyun, Gao Jianguo, et al. Analysis on weld cracking of C380CL steel wheel[J]. Shanghai Metals, 2019, 41(3): 34-38.
[27]惠亚军, 李文远, 潘辉, 等. 闪光对焊焊接380CL钢轮辋焊缝开裂原因分析[J]. 机械工程材料, 2016, 40(10): 100-103.
Hui Yajun, Li Wenyuan, Pan Hui, et al. Weld cracking analysis of 380CL steel rim welded by flash butt welding[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 40(10): 100-103.
[28]李敏, 宋振官. 380CL钢制轮辋焊缝开裂分析[J]. 宽厚板, 2013, 19(4): 28-30.
Li Min, Song Zhenguan. Analysis on weld cracking of 380CL steel wheel rim[J]. Wide and Heavy Plate, 2013, 19(4): 28-30.
[29]吴浩鸿, 李鸿娟, 谭峰亮, 等. 薄规格380 MPa级轮辋钢焊接组织与性能研究[J]. 金属材料与冶金工程, 2019, 47(3): 54-59.
Wu Haohong, Li Hongjuan, Tan Fengliang, et al. Microstructure and properties of welded joints of thin-gauge 380 MPa rim steel[J]. Metal Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, 2019, 47(3): 54-59.
[30]霍璐, 刘颖, 杨丽. 汽车车轮钢闪光对接焊成形开裂失效分析[J]. 甘肃冶金, 2020, 42(4): 66-68.
Huo Lu, Liu Ying, Yang Li. Cracking failure analysis on automotive wheel steel after flash butt welded and formed[J]. Gansu Metallurgy, 2020, 42(4): 66-68.
[31]朱永宏, 赵安明, 朱永宽, 等. 490CL车轮用热轧卷板加工微裂纹原因分析及改进[J]. 中国金属通报, 2019(10): 128-129.
Zhu Yonghong, Zhao Anming, Zhu Yongkuan, et al. Analysis and improvement of micro-crack causes for hot-rolled coil processing for 490CL wheels[J]. China Metal Bulletin, 2019(10): 128-129.
[32]Xu Z, Lu P, Shu Y. Microstructure and fracture mechanism of a flash butt welded 380CL steel[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2016, 62(4): 199-207.
[33]王亚东, 王立刚, 孟庆刚. 330CL轮辋闪光对焊接头失效断裂分析[J]. 金属世界, 2020(6): 25-27.
Wang Yadong, Wang Ligang, Meng Qinggang. Analysis on failure and fracture of flash butt welded joint for 330CL rim[J]. Metal World, 2020(6): 25-27.
[34]张志强, 柳风林, 裴庆涛, 等. 轮辋用钢HZ380CL闪光对焊开裂原因[J]. 河北冶金, 2019(12): 16-19.
Zhang Zhiqiang, Liu Fenglin, Pei Qingtao, et al. Cause of crack in flash butt welding of rim steel HZ380CL[J]. Hebei Metallurgy, 2019(12): 16-19.
[35]张振杰, 计云萍. 轮辐用热轧车轮钢BT380CL开裂原因分析[J]. 包钢科技, 2019, 45(5): 53-56.
Zhang Zhenjie, Ji Yunping. Cause analysis on cracking of hot rolled wheel steel BT380CL used for spoke[J]. Science and Technology of Baotou Steel, 2019, 45(5): 53-56.
[36]张洪博, 谭峰亮, 陈志国. 闪光留量对510 MPa级车轮钢闪光对焊接头组织与性能的影响[J]. 材料研究学报, 2017, 31(2): 152-160.
Zhang Hongbo, Tan Fengliang, Chen Zhiguo. Effect of flash allowance on microstructure and properties of flash butt welded joint for 510 MPa wheel steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2017, 31(2): 152-160.
[37]苏晨, 闫君杰. 闪光对焊工艺参数对轮毂用钢RS590CL闪光对焊接头性能的研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2017, 46(23): 73-76.
Su Chen, Yan Junjie. Study on flash butt welding parameters on performance of RS590CL wheel steel flash butt joint[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2017, 46(23): 73-76.
[38]徐志欣. 590 MPa级高强钢轮辋接头组织性能与失效分析[D]. 泉州: 华侨大学, 2017.
[39]郗晨瑶. RS590CL钢闪光对焊接头微观组织及力学性能的研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2016.
[40]张梅, 符仁钰, 许洛萍. 汽车用双相钢钢板的发展[J]. 热处理, 2001(1): 5-8.
Zhang Mei, Fu Renyu, Xu Luoping. The development of duplex steel sheet used in auto industry[J]. Heat Treatment, 2001(1): 5-8.
[41]曹京华. 冷轧双相汽车用钢组织与性能调控研究[D]. 马鞍山: 安徽工业大学, 2020.
[42]孙耀祖, 王旭, 王运玲, 等. 汽车用双相钢的研究进展[J]. 中国材料进展, 2015, 34(6): 475-481.
Sun Yaozu, Wang Xu, Wang Yunling, et al. Research progress on DP steel for automobiles[J]. Materials China, 2015, 34(6): 475-481.
[43]贾瑞杰, 张玮, 张帅. 超快冷系统改造及双相钢冷却工艺优化[J]. 包钢科技, 2017, 43(5): 29-33.
Jia Ruijie, Zhang Wei, Zhang Shuai. Modification of ultra-fast cooling system and optimization of dual phase steel cooling process[J]. Science and Technology of Baotou Steel, 2017, 43(5): 29-33.
[44]宋建新, 陈松军. DP590冷轧双相钢不同退火温度下的连续冷却相变行为研究[J]. 材料研究与应用, 2022, 16(3): 432-437.
Song Jianxin, Chen Songjun. Study on continuous cooling phase transformation behavior of DP590 cold-rolled dual phase steel at different annealing temperatures[J]. Materials Research and Application, 2022, 16(3): 432-437.
[45]李霞, 荆涛, 佟铁印, 等. 本钢汽车用冷轧双相高强钢DP590的研发[J]. 轧钢, 2017, 34(2): 53-55.
Li Xia, Jing Tao, Tong Tieyin, et al. Development of cold rolled steel sheet DP590 for automobile[J]. Steel Rolling, 2017, 34(2): 53-55.
[46]GB/T 20564.2—2017, 汽车用高强度冷连轧钢板及钢带第2部分: 双相钢[S].
[47]董瑞峰, 李德刚, 闫波, 等. 碳当量对C-Mn型热轧双相钢组织性能的影响[J]. 轧钢, 2011, 28(3): 11-13.
Dong Ruifeng, Li Degang, Yan Bo, et al. Effect of carbon equivalent on microstructure and properties of C-Mn hot rolled dual-phase steel[J]. Steel Rolling, 2011, 28(3): 11-13.
[48]叶洁云, 赵征志, 张迎晖, 等. 硅和铬对超高强双相钢组织和性能的影响[J]. 钢铁, 2015, 50(3): 78-83.
Ye Jieyun, Zhao Zhengzhi, Zhang Yinghui, et al. Effects of Si and Cr on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra high strength dual-phase steel[J]. Iron and Steel, 2015, 50(3): 78-83.
[49]祝志峰, 赵征志, 赵爱民, 等. Si对高强热轧双相钢组织性能的影响[J]. 轧钢, 2011, 28(2): 16-18.
Zhu Zhifeng, Zhao Zhengzhi, Zhao Aimin, et al. Effects of Si on microstructure and properties of high strength hot-rolled dual-phase steel[J]. Steel Rolling, 2011, 28(2): 16-18.
[50]利成宁, 袁国, 周晓光, 等. 汽车结构用热轧双相钢的生产现状及发展趋势[J]. 轧钢, 2012, 29(5): 38-42.
Li Chengning, Yuan Guo, Zhou Xiaoguang, et al. Production situation and development trend of the hot-rolled dual phase steel for automobile structure[J]. Steel Rolling, 2012, 29(5): 38-42.
[51]宋冉臣. 车体结构用590~780 MPa级冷轧双相钢研制与开发[D]. 包头: 内蒙古科技大学, 2021.
[52]朱瑞琪. 热轧DP600汽车用钢变形及断裂行为研究[D]. 武汉: 武汉科技大学, 2018.
[53]王建. DP780冷轧热处理组织性能调控及成形性能[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2019.
[54]徐星星. DP780冷轧双相钢组织性能研究[D]. 上海: 上海应用技术大学, 2020.
[55]Kang D H, Lee H W. Effect of different chromium additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of multipass weld joint of duplex stainless steel[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2012, 43(12): 4678-4687.
[56]Takashi F, Mitsuru T, Hirofumi M, et al. Effects of composition and processing factors on the mechanical properties of as-hot-rolled dual-phase steels[J]. Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, 1984, 24(2): 113-121.
[57]时晓光. 汽车用热轧双相钢板的研制与开发[D]. 鞍山: 辽宁科技大学, 2007.
[58]刘洪旭. DP680热轧双相钢的组织与性能研究[D]. 沈阳: 东北大学, 2020.
[59]欧阳页先. 薄板坯连铸连轧生产DP590应变硬化行为[J]. 汽车工艺与材料, 2020(5): 48-51.
Ouyang Yexian. Strain hardening behavior of thin slab continuous casted and rolled DP590[J]. Automobile Technology and Material, 2020(5): 48-51.
[60]赵培林, 杜传治, 赵征志. 轧后冷却对DP590热轧双相钢组织及性能的影响[J]. 山东冶金, 2016, 38(6): 44-47.
Zhao Peilin, Du Chuanzhi, Zhao Zhengzhi. Effects of cooling process after rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled dual-phase steel DP590[J]. Shandong Metallurgy, 2016, 38(6): 44-47.
[61]王芹, 李红霞. 终轧温度对双相钢组织结构和力学性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2019, 48(21): 126-128.
Wang Qin, Li Hongxia. Effect of final rolling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of dual phase steel[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2019, 48(21): 126-128.
[62]周振. 终轧温度对车轮用双相钢组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2019, 48(23): 104-106.
Zhou Zhen. Effects of finish rolling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of dual-phase steel for wheels[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2019, 48(23): 104-106.
[63]陈文静, 胡平, 邢海瑞, 等. 热处理工艺对钼金属板材组织和性能影响的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2021, 35(3): 3141-3151.
Chen Wenjing, Hu Ping, Xing Hairui, et al. Research progress of the effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of molybdenum sheet[J]. Materials Reports, 2021, 35(3): 3141-3151.
[64]Li P, Li J, Meng Q, et al. Effect of heating rate on ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation of cold-roll dual phase steel[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, 578: 320-327.
[65]李慧远, 戴杰涛, 冼玲标, 等, 退火温度对DP590冷轧双相钢相变和组织的影响[J]. 工程技术研究, 2020, 5(6): 1-4.
Li Huiyuan, Dai Jietao, Xian Lingbiao, et al. Effect of annealing temperature on phase transformation and microstructure of DP590 cold-rolled dual-phase steel[J]. Engineering and Technological Research, 2020, 5(6): 1-4.
[66]李春诚, 王鲲鹏, 李沈洋, 等. 低合金双相钢DP590成分设计和工艺优化[J]. 金属制品, 2017, 43(1): 23-26.
Li Chuncheng, Wang Kunpeng, Li Shenyang, et al. Chemical composition design and process optimization of low alloy dual phase steel DP590[J]. Metal Products, 2017, 43(1): 23-26.
[67]吴庆美, 缪心雷, 郑连辉, 等. 工业化生产中冷却速率对热镀锌DP600的组织及性能影响[J]. 金属功能材料, 2022, 29(2): 67-70.
Wu Qingmei, Miao Xinlei, Zheng Lianhui, et al. Effect of cooling rate on microstructure and properties of DP600 in the industrial production[J]. Metallic Functional Materials, 2022, 29(2): 67-70.
[68]胡洋, 冯岗. DP590冷轧双相钢连退生产工艺[J]. 金属世界, 2016(6): 64-66.
Hu Yang, Feng Gang. Continuous annealing furnace production process of cold-rolled DP590[J]. Metal World, 2016(6): 64-66.
[69]范珍珍. 热处理对汽车用DP590双相钢组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 热加工工艺, 2016, 45(12): 210-212.
Fan Zhenzhen. Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of DP590 dual-phase steel for automobile[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2016, 45(12): 210-212.
[70]霍刚, 李振兴, 岑一鸣, 等. DP590冷轧板热处理的组织和性能[J]. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 34(7): 944-947.
Huo Gang, Li Zhenxing, Cen Yiming, et al. Microstructure and performance of DP590 cold rolled steel strip after heat treatment processes[J]. Journal of Northeasten University(Natural Science), 2013, 34(7): 944-947.
[71]潘华, 吴岳. DP540双相钢焊接接头组织与拉伸断裂位置研究[J]. 上海金属, 2020, 42(1): 17-22.
Pan Hua, Wu Yue. Research on the microstructure and fracture location of DP540 dual-phase steel welded joints during tensile test[J]. Shanghai Metals, 2020, 42(1): 17-22.
[72]翟战江, 曹洋, 赵琳, 等. 热输入对DP600激光焊组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2019, 31(6): 582-591.
Zhai Zhanjiang, Cao Yang, Zhao Lin, et al. Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded DP600 steel[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2019, 31(6): 582-591.
[73]韦春华, 陶武, 刘奋, 等. 热输入对DP600双相钢激光焊接接头力学性能的影响[J]. 焊接技术, 2014, 43(9): 12-14.
Wei Chunhua, Tao Wu, Liu Fen, et al. Effect of heat input on mechanical properties of laser welded joints of DP600 dual phase steel[J]. Welding Technology, 2014, 43(9): 12-14.