Microstructure, hardness and growth kinetics of 65Mn steel borided layer

doi:10.13251/j.issn.0254-6051.2021.11.017

Abstract

Abstract: Effects of boriding temperature (800-1000 ℃) and boriding time (2-8 h) on the thickness, microstructure and hardness of the borided layers on 65Mn steel by pack boriding and its growth kinetics were systematically investigated by optical microscope, XRD, EPMA and Vickers hardness tester, etc. The results show that with the increase of boriding temperature or time, the thickness of the borided layers increases continuously, but the amount, size and depth away from the surface of borided layer of black holes also increase gradually when the boriding temperature exceeds 900 ℃. The layers are composed of Fe₂B columnar crystals, Fe₃(B,C) phase, Fe-Si binary compounds and Fe-C-Si ternary compounds, and the later three are formed between and in the front of Fe₂B columnar crystals. The hardness of the layers (800-1590 HV0.05) is greatly higher than that of the 65Mn steel (238 HV0.05). However, it is found that the hardness values of the borided layers are not monotonically decreasing when the distance from the surface of the layers is increasing, which should be attributed to the Fe₃(B,C) and Si-rich phases with lower hardness distributed between the Fe₂B columnar crystals with higher hardness. There is a liner relationship between square of the thickness of borided layer and boriding time, and the calculated diffusion activation energy of boron atoms in borided layer on the 65Mn steel is 220.96 kJ/mol.

Key words: 65Mn steel, borided layer, hardness, microstructure, growth kinetics

CLC Number:

TG178

Wei Xiang, Jiang Yanqing, Yu Lingjie, Peng Guangwei, Yu Hongbin, Hao Penglei. Microstructure, hardness and growth kinetics of 65Mn steel borided layer[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2021, 46(11): 110-119.

References

[1]Lu Zhiguo, Du Chuanyu, Chen Qingcai, et al. Wear and friction characteristics of 65Mn steel for spike-tooth harrow[J]. Coatings, 2021, 11(3): 319-332.
[2]牛翰卿, 王晓莉, 王玉刚, 等. 热处理工艺对ZG65Mn深松铲组织和性能影响[J]. 铸造技术, 2020, 41(10): 910-912.
Niu Hanqing, Wang Xiaoli, Wang Yugang, et al. Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZG65Mn subsoiling shovel[J]. Foundry Technology, 2020, 41(10): 910-912.
[3]董天顺, 李国禄, 刘金海, 等. 中碳Si-Mn系贝氏体/马氏体复相耐磨钢热处理工艺及性能[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2014, 35(7): 75-80.
Dong Tianshun, Li Guolu, Liu Jinhai, et al. Heat treatment and property of medium carbon Si-Mn multiphase wear-resistant steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2014, 35(7): 75-80.
[4]孟亮, 李雄, 黄永俊, 等. 激光淬火及熔覆技术提高柑橘枝粉粉碎机65Mn钢锤片耐磨性[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(17): 54-60.
Meng Liang, Li Xiong, Huang Yongjun, et al. Improvement on wear resistance of citrus twig grinding hammer of 65Mn steel by laser quenching and laser cladding[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(17): 54-60.
[5]王海淞, 马跃进, 李建昌, 等. 深松铲氩弧熔覆TiC/Ni复合涂层组织和性能研究[J]. 热加工工艺, 2016, 45(14): 127-132.
Wang Haisong, Ma Yuejin, Li Jianchang, et al. Study on microstructure and properties of TiC/Ni composite coating on sub-soling shovel prepared by argon arc cladding[J]. Hot Working Technology, 2016, 45(14): 127-132.
[6]王宏立, 张伟, 申玉军, 等. 激光淬火65Mn钢表面摩擦磨损性能研究[J]. 应用激光, 2015, 35(6): 652-656.
Wang Hongli, Zhang Wei, Shen Yujun, et al. Study on friction and wear behaviors of 65Mn steel surface laser quenching[J]. Applied Laser, 2015, 35(6): 652-656.
[7]蔡志海, 张平, 杜军, 等. 65Mn钢基体CrTiAlN微纳米复合膜的制备与抗高温磨损性能研究[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2010, 39(S1): 336-340.
Cai Zhihai, Zhang Ping, Du Jun, et al. Investigation of preparation technology and tribological properties at high-temperature of CrTiAlN composite films on 65Mn steel substrates[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2010, 39(S1): 336-340.
[8]张伟林, 赵靖宇, 王光辉, 等. 盐浴氮碳共渗对65Mn弹簧钢耐磨性的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2017, 46(2): 127-132.
Zhang Weilin, Zhao Jingyu, Wang Guanghui, et al. Effects of salt bath nitrocarburizing on wear resistance of 65Mn spring steel[J]. Surface Technology, 2017, 46(2): 127-132.
[9]陈亚茹, 李晖. 旋耕刀表面强流脉冲电子束改性后的耐磨性研究[J]. 材料保护, 2017, 50(8): 84-88.
Chen Yaru, Li Hui. Wear resistance of rotary tiller blades treated by high current pulsed electron beam[J]. Materials Protection, 2017, 50(8): 84-88.
[10]Selcukel B, Ipek R, Karamis M B, et al. An investigation on surface properties of treated low carbon and alloyed steels (boriding and carburing)[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2000, 103(2): 310-317.
[11]Yuan Xingdong, Xu Bin, Cai Yucheng. A novel RE-chrome-boronizing technology assisted by fast multiple rotation rolling treatment at low temperature[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2015, 357: 2285-2289.
[12]Liu Dan, Duan Yonghua, Bao Weizong, et al. Characterization and growth kinetics of boride layers on Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3Al alloy by pack boriding with CeO₂[J]. Materials Characterization, 2020, 164: 110362-110374.
[13]苏学虎. 1Cr13不锈钢硼-碳复合渗工艺及其性能[J]. 金属热处理, 2021, 46(6): 120-125.
Su Xuehu. Boron-carburizing process of 1Cr13 stainless steel and its properties[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2021, 46(6): 120-125.
[14]蔡守禄, 谢飞, 潘建伟, 等. 以渗硼为主的交流电场增强粉末法硼铝共渗工艺优化[J]. 金属热处理, 2020, 45(7): 194-197.
Cai Shoulu, Xie Fei, Pan Jianwei, et al. Optimization of alternating current field enhanced pack boron-aluminizing boriding-based[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2020, 45(7): 194-197.
[15]Türkmen İ, Yalamaç E. Growth of the Fe₂B layer on SAE 1020 steel employed a boron source of H₃BO₃ during the powder-pack boriding method[J]. Journal of Alloy and Compounds, 2018, 744: 658-666.
[16]Ouyang Delai, Cui Xia, Lu Shiqing. Growth kinetics of the FeB/Fe₂B boride layer on the surface of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel: Experiments and modeling[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021, 11: 1272-1280.
[17]王宏宇, 赵玉凤, 许晓静, 等. 热处理对65Mn钢表面渗硼层组织和性能的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2012, 33(12): 142-146.
Wang Hongyu, Zhao Yufeng, Xu Xiaojing, et al. Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of boriding layer on 65Mn steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2012, 33(12): 142-146.
[18]王宏宇, 吴志奎, 袁晓明, 等. 激光辐照对渗硼后65Mn钢组织和性能的影响[J]. 材料热处理学报, 2014, 35(5): 176-180.
Wang Hongyu, Wu Zhikui, Yuan Xiaoming, et al. Effects of laser irradiation on microstructure and properties of boronized 65Mn steel[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2014, 35(5): 176-180.
[19]吴宝善, 谢泽嘉, 何力. 固体渗硼层中孔洞成因的探讨[J]. 材料热处理学报, 1985, 6(2): 20-29.
Wu Baoshan, Xie Zejia, He Li. An investigation on the mechanism of forming voids in the boronized layer by packing method[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 1985, 6(2): 20-29.
[20]Filonenko N Y, Galdina O M. Effect of carbon on the physical and structural properties of boride Fe₂B[J]. Physics and Chemistry of Solid State, 2016, 17(2): 251-255.
[21]Litoria A K, Figueroa C A, Bim L T, et al. Pack-boriding of low alloy steel: microstructure evolution and migration behavior of alloying elements[J]. Philosophical Magazine, 2020, 100(3): 353-378.
[22]Kulka M, Makuch N, Piasecki A. Nanomechanical characterization and fracture toughness of FeB and Fe₂B iron borides produced by gas boriding of Armco iron[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2017, 325: 515-532.
[23]Mektes M, Calik A, Ucar N, et al. Pack-boriding of Fe-Mn binary alloys: Characterization and kinetics of the boride layers[J]. Materials Characterization, 2010, 61(2): 233-239.
[24]Pereira R, Mariani F, Neto A, et al. Characterization of layers produced by boriding and boriding-PVD on AISI D2 tool steel[J]. Materials Performance and Characterization, 2016, 5(4): 406-413.
[25]Wu Jing, Chong Xiaoyu, Jiang Yehua, et al. Stability, electronic structure, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Fe-Si binary compounds[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 693: 859-870.
[26]Elias-espinosa M, Ortiz-domínguez M, Keddam M, et al. Growth kinetics of the Fe₂B layers and adhesion on Armco iron substrate[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2014, 23: 2943-2952.
[27]Ortiz-domínguez M, Zuno-Silva J, Keddam M, et al. Diffusion model and characterization of Fe₂B layers on AISI 1018 steel[J]. International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, 2015, 9(4): 281-297.
[28]Campos I, Bautista O, Ramírez G, et al. Effect of boron paste thickness on the growth kinetics of Fe₂B boride layers during the boriding process[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2005, 243(1-4): 429-436.
[29]Su Z G, Lv X X, An J, et al. Role of Re element Nd on boronizing kinetics of steels[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2012, 21: 1337-1345.
[30]Ozdemir O, Omar M A, Usta M, et al. An investigation on boriding kinetics of AISI 316 stainless steel[J]. Vacuum, 2008, 83(1): 175-179.
[31]Ortiz-domínguez M, Keddam M, Elias-espinosa M, et al. Characterization and boriding kinetics of AISI T1 steel[J]. Metallurgical Research and Technology, 2018, 116: 102-112.
[32]Keddam M, Ortiz-domínguez M, Elias-espinosa M, et al. Growth kinetics of the Fe₂B coating on AISI H13 steel[J]. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2015, 68: 433-442.
[33]杨彦飞, 谢飞. 频率对交流电场增强45钢低温粉末法硼铝共渗的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2019, 44(5): 106-110.
Yang Yanfei, Xie Fei. Effect of frequency on alternating current field enhanced pack boron-aluminizing on 45 steel at low temperature[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2019, 44(5): 106-110.